二元硫化物的合成与特性表征分析
发布时间:2018-12-18 05:56
【摘要】:近代以来,能源一直是人们生活中至关重要的物质基础,其在人类社会发展、生产力进步、经济增长方面起到重要作用。而如今,这些能源主要来源于煤、石油、天然气等资源,而这些资源又为不可再生资源,且在使用过程中,会产生大量的污染气体,危害人类生存环境。因此,开发、开采新型、清洁、可再生能源则是当今重大问题。太阳能作为一种新型清洁能源越来越受到人们的青睐,因而科研人员生产制造出了一系列太阳能电池,来更好的利用太阳能产生能量。传统的硅基太阳能电池已经投入到生产应用中,并取得了较好的成果,然而,硅基太阳能电池在生产过程中,会产生污染环境的物质,因此,在未来的发展中,硅基太阳能电池的发展会受到限制。另一种新型的太阳能电池,是铜铟镓硒太阳能电池,然而该种电池中所含有的镓、铟元素,是地球存储中的稀有元素,含量较少,不利于大量使用,另外,这两种元素具有一定的毒性,这一问题也在很大的程度上,限制了铜铟镓硒这类太阳能电池的大批量生产应用。因此,需要我们研发出多种材料用于新型太阳能电池,来解决目前面临的限制,解决问题。本文主要研究了两种二元的硫族化合物:硫化铅(PbS)和硫化铁(FeS_2),二者均可用于太阳能电池生产中,且已被证明的成果表明,采用二者制成的太阳能电池具有较高的转换效率。本文主要内容为采用简便方法合成二元硫族化合物,并对其结构形貌进行表征分析,主要内容分为两个方面:1.两种方法合成PbS纳米颗粒及其性能表征:首先,采用醋酸铅[Pb(Ac)_2·3H_2O]为铅源,硫代乙酰胺(TAA)为硫源,以十二烷基硫酸钠、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵,即SDS和CTAB,共同作为表面活性剂,在常温下成功合成了PbS纳米晶,利用XRD、紫外-可见分光光度计、SEM、TEM等,对合成产物的结构、形貌以及光学特性进行了表征分析,发现合成的PbS为尺寸均匀的球形纳米晶,对合成的PbS纳米晶的形成机理进行了初探,结果表明常温下合成的PbS,在SDS的烷基链模板、CTAB产生的微胶束软模板的共同作用下,生成球状PbS纳米晶。其次,采用热注入法制备了纳米片状的PbS纳米材料,所的产物为形貌均匀,大小为200-300nm的纳米片,该方法较简便,操作简单,且反应时间较短,便于大规模工业生产。2.采用溶剂热法,以硝酸铁九水合物[Fe(NO_3)_3·9H_2O]为铁源,L-半胱氨酸为硫源,乙醇胺、去离子水为反应溶剂,一步合成硫化铁纳米颗粒。由于乙醇胺在反应过程中起到了重要的催化作用,因此通过改变乙醇胺和去离子水的体积比,成功合成了不同形貌、不同结构的硫化铁纳米颗粒,采用XRD、SEM对不同的产物进行表征分析,并对每种形貌的产物的生长过程进行了简单的分析讨论。
[Abstract]:Since modern times, energy has been the vital material basis of people's life, which plays an important role in the development of human society, the progress of productivity and economic growth. Nowadays, these sources of energy mainly come from coal, oil, natural gas and other resources, and these resources are non-renewable resources, and in the process of use, a large number of pollution gases will be produced, which will harm the human living environment. Therefore, the development, exploitation of new, clean, renewable energy is a major issue today. Solar energy as a new clean energy is more and more popular, so researchers have produced a series of solar cells to make better use of solar energy to generate energy. Traditional silicon based solar cells have been put into production and application, and good results have been obtained. However, in the production process, silicon based solar cells will produce substances that pollute the environment, therefore, in the future development, The development of silicon-based solar cells will be limited. Another new type of solar cell is the copper indium gallium selenium solar cell. However, the gallium and indium elements contained in the cell are rare elements in the earth's storage, which are not conducive to extensive use. These two elements are toxic to a certain extent, which limits the mass production of solar cells such as copper, indium, gallium, selenium and so on. Therefore, we need to develop a variety of materials for new solar cells to solve the current constraints, solve the problem. In this paper, two binary sulfur compounds, lead sulphide (PbS) and iron sulfide (FeS_2), have been studied. Both of them can be used in the production of solar cells. The solar cells made of both have high conversion efficiency. The main contents of this paper are the synthesis of binary sulfur compounds by simple method and the characterization and analysis of their structure and morphology. The main contents are as follows: 1. PbS nanoparticles were synthesized by two methods. Firstly, lead acetate [Pb (Ac) _ 2 3H_2O] was used as lead source, thioacetamide (TAA) as sulfur source, sodium dodecyl sulfate and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as lead source. PbS nanocrystals were successfully synthesized by using SDS and CTAB, as surfactants at room temperature. The structure, morphology and optical properties of the synthesized products were characterized by XRD, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, SEM,TEM and so on. It was found that the synthesized PbS was a spherical nanocrystalline with uniform size. The formation mechanism of the synthesized PbS nanocrystalline was studied. The results showed that the synthesized PbS, was combined with the SDS alkyl chain template and the micromicelle soft template produced by CTAB at room temperature. Spherical PbS nanocrystals were formed. Secondly, PbS nanomaterials with uniform morphology and size of 200-300nm were prepared by thermal injection method. The method is simple, the operation is simple, and the reaction time is short, which is convenient for large-scale industrial production. Iron sulfide nanoparticles were synthesized by solvothermal method with Fe (NO_3) _ 3 9H_2O as Tie Yuan, L-cysteine as sulfur source, ethanolamine and deionized water as reaction solvent. Since ethanolamine plays an important catalytic role in the reaction process, different morphologies and structures of iron sulfide nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by changing the volume ratio of ethanolamine to deionized water, using XRD,. The different products were characterized by SEM, and the growth process of each kind of products was analyzed and discussed.
【学位授予单位】:河南师范大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2016
【分类号】:O611.4;TM914.4
本文编号:2385456
[Abstract]:Since modern times, energy has been the vital material basis of people's life, which plays an important role in the development of human society, the progress of productivity and economic growth. Nowadays, these sources of energy mainly come from coal, oil, natural gas and other resources, and these resources are non-renewable resources, and in the process of use, a large number of pollution gases will be produced, which will harm the human living environment. Therefore, the development, exploitation of new, clean, renewable energy is a major issue today. Solar energy as a new clean energy is more and more popular, so researchers have produced a series of solar cells to make better use of solar energy to generate energy. Traditional silicon based solar cells have been put into production and application, and good results have been obtained. However, in the production process, silicon based solar cells will produce substances that pollute the environment, therefore, in the future development, The development of silicon-based solar cells will be limited. Another new type of solar cell is the copper indium gallium selenium solar cell. However, the gallium and indium elements contained in the cell are rare elements in the earth's storage, which are not conducive to extensive use. These two elements are toxic to a certain extent, which limits the mass production of solar cells such as copper, indium, gallium, selenium and so on. Therefore, we need to develop a variety of materials for new solar cells to solve the current constraints, solve the problem. In this paper, two binary sulfur compounds, lead sulphide (PbS) and iron sulfide (FeS_2), have been studied. Both of them can be used in the production of solar cells. The solar cells made of both have high conversion efficiency. The main contents of this paper are the synthesis of binary sulfur compounds by simple method and the characterization and analysis of their structure and morphology. The main contents are as follows: 1. PbS nanoparticles were synthesized by two methods. Firstly, lead acetate [Pb (Ac) _ 2 3H_2O] was used as lead source, thioacetamide (TAA) as sulfur source, sodium dodecyl sulfate and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as lead source. PbS nanocrystals were successfully synthesized by using SDS and CTAB, as surfactants at room temperature. The structure, morphology and optical properties of the synthesized products were characterized by XRD, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, SEM,TEM and so on. It was found that the synthesized PbS was a spherical nanocrystalline with uniform size. The formation mechanism of the synthesized PbS nanocrystalline was studied. The results showed that the synthesized PbS, was combined with the SDS alkyl chain template and the micromicelle soft template produced by CTAB at room temperature. Spherical PbS nanocrystals were formed. Secondly, PbS nanomaterials with uniform morphology and size of 200-300nm were prepared by thermal injection method. The method is simple, the operation is simple, and the reaction time is short, which is convenient for large-scale industrial production. Iron sulfide nanoparticles were synthesized by solvothermal method with Fe (NO_3) _ 3 9H_2O as Tie Yuan, L-cysteine as sulfur source, ethanolamine and deionized water as reaction solvent. Since ethanolamine plays an important catalytic role in the reaction process, different morphologies and structures of iron sulfide nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by changing the volume ratio of ethanolamine to deionized water, using XRD,. The different products were characterized by SEM, and the growth process of each kind of products was analyzed and discussed.
【学位授予单位】:河南师范大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2016
【分类号】:O611.4;TM914.4
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