化学中的计算——DNA计算的发展与模型概述

发布时间：2019-03-13 11:02

【摘要】：电子计算机的发展给人类社会进步带来了极大的推动作用,但是随着电子计算机制造工艺趋于极限,人们迫切需要找到一种新的计算体系来满足日益增长的计算需求。DNA计算因其超强的信息存储、大规模的并行计算能力和超低的能耗而受到了广泛的关注。自1994年Adleman博士在实验室利用DNA完成了一个6顶点哈密尔顿路求解问题开始,各种计算模型纷纷涌现。本文首先对DNA计算的基本原理和实验操作手段进行了简单的介绍,然后对DNA相关的理论进行了阐述,包括DNA计算中序列编码设计的理论、DNA计算模型复杂度分析与通用计算能力的证明;在此基础上,对突破性的DNA计算模型进行了概括,进而根据实验操作的具体手段将所有已知模型进行了分类,按照类别进行了综述,并随后挑选了该类别中经典的模型进行更为直观的分析。更进一步,在文章的最后,结合笔者的工作对DNA计算领域的前景进行了展望。
[Abstract]:The development of electronic computer has brought great impetus to the progress of human society, but with the electronic computer manufacturing technology approaching to the limit, There is an urgent need to find a new computing system to meet the increasing demand for computing. DNA computing has received extensive attention due to its super-strong information storage, large-scale parallel computing capacity and ultra-low energy consumption. Since Dr. Adleman used DNA to solve a 6-vertex Hamiltonian problem in 1994, a variety of computational models have emerged. In this paper, the basic principle and experimental operation means of DNA computing are introduced briefly, and then the related theories of DNA are expounded, including the theory of sequence coding design in DNA computation. The complexity analysis of DNA computing model and the proof of general computing ability; On this basis, the breakthrough DNA computing model is summarized, and then all the known models are classified according to the specific means of experimental operation, and are summarized according to the categories. And then select the classical model in this category for more intuitive analysis. Furthermore, at the end of the paper, the prospect of DNA computing field is prospected according to the author's work.
【作者单位】： 国防科技大学计算机学院并行与分布重点实验室;军事医学研究院辐射医学研究所;中国科学院上海应用物理研究所物理生物学研究室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(No.21422508)资助~~
【分类号】：O6-39

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