汽车起重机回转控制阀性能优化研究

发布时间：2017-12-31 20:27

本文关键词：汽车起重机回转控制阀性能优化研究　出处：《浙江大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：汽车起重机将吊装作业部分安装在通用汽车底盘上,具有机动灵活,行驶速度高,可快速转移等优点,是工程建设中必不可少的设备。汽车起重机的液压系统包括上车液压系统和下车液压系统,上车液压系统又分起升、伸缩、变幅和回转四大部分。起重机的整个上车部分相对于下车部分的旋转运动称为回转。当前,国内中、小吨位汽车起重机产品的回转液压系统主要采用三位六通旁路节流形式,在工作时不同程度上存在着失速、抖动和起、制动压力冲击过高等问题。这些问题的出现程度与负载变化剧烈程度、操纵习惯、主阀阀口特性、液压系统特性等因素有关。本课题以国内某公司的25吨汽车起重机为研究对象,通过仿真建模与试验测试的方法,对其回转液压系统进行研究,找出引起回转液压系统工作压力偏高和起、制动压力冲击大等问题的原因,提出解决方案并进行试验验证,达到了降低回转工作压力和压力冲击的目的。本课题的研究工作对我国中、小吨位汽车起重机或者其他车型回转阀的设计、开发具有重要的理论指导意义和工程实用价值。本论文的主要内容可以分为五章,分别阐述如下：第一章,简要介绍了工程起重机的分类、主要生产基地,汽车起重机的国内外使用现状以及发展趋势,介绍了汽车起重机回转液压系统的主要组成部分、常用的换向回路以及缓冲补油回路的分类和特点。最后指出课题背景、研究目标和研究内容。第二章,分析了本课题所研究的回转控制阀的组成和工作原理。对回转控制阀以及整个回转液压系统进行了AMESim建模,并进行了初步仿真分析。建立了回转液压系统负载模型,并进行实车试验得到负载参数的近似值。将负载参数代入模型中进行仿真,复现了系统的问题工况,也验证了仿真模型的准确性和有效性。第三章,在仿真模型的基础上,对回转液压系统工作压力偏高和起、制动压力冲击大的原因进行了深入分析,指出了阀杆回油口安装调速阀的优势和不足。分别从降低压力和降低冲击两个方面提出了两种改进方案,并分别进行了仿真和实车试验。第四章,搭建了专用的回转阀测试试验台,模拟实车试验工况,对两个方案改进后的回转控制总成进行定量测试,更加详细的对比两改进方案各自的优缺点。第五章,概括了课题的主要研究工作和成果,并展望了将来需要进一步研究或者可以进行更深入探索的方向。
[Abstract]:The crane is installed on the chassis of GM with the advantages of flexible mobility, high speed and quick transfer. The hydraulic system of the truck crane includes the hydraulic system of getting on board and the hydraulic system of getting off. The rotation motion of the whole part of the crane relative to the part of getting off is called rotation. The rotary hydraulic system of small-tonnage truck crane mainly adopts the three-position six-way by-pass throttling mode, and there exists stall, jitter and rise in different degrees. The degree of occurrence of these problems is related to the violent change of load, the control habit, the characteristics of the main valve port, the hydraulic system and so on. This paper takes 25 ton truck crane of a domestic company as the research object, through the method of simulation modeling and test, the rotary hydraulic system of the crane is studied. To find out the causes of the problems such as high working pressure and rising pressure of rotary hydraulic system and great impact of brake pressure, and put forward the solution and carry on the test verification. The aim of this paper is to reduce the pressure and impact of rotary work. The research work of this paper is about the design of small tonnage truck crane or other type of rotary valve in our country. The development has the important theory instruction significance and the engineering practical value. The main contents of this paper can be divided into five chapters, respectively, as follows: The first chapter briefly introduces the classification of engineering cranes, the main production bases, the domestic and foreign use of automotive cranes and the development trend, and introduces the main components of the rotary hydraulic system of truck cranes. The classification and characteristics of commutative circuit and buffered oil circuit are discussed. Finally, the background, research objective and research contents are pointed out. In the second chapter, the composition and working principle of the rotary control valve are analyzed, and the AMESim model of the rotary control valve and the whole rotary hydraulic system is built. The load model of rotary hydraulic system is established, and the approximate value of load parameters is obtained by actual vehicle test. The load parameters are replaced in the model to simulate, and the problem conditions of the system are reappeared. The accuracy and validity of the simulation model are also verified. In the third chapter, on the basis of simulation model, the causes of high working pressure and high impact of braking pressure in rotary hydraulic system are deeply analyzed. This paper points out the advantages and disadvantages of installing the speed regulating valve at the valve stem return port, and puts forward two improvement schemes from the aspects of reducing the pressure and reducing the impact, and carries on the simulation and the actual vehicle test respectively. In chapter 4th, a special rotary valve test bench is built, which simulates the actual vehicle test condition, and carries on the quantitative test to the two improved rotary control assembly. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of the two improvements in more detail. Chapter 5th summarizes the main research work and achievements of the subject, and looks forward to the future need for further research or can be more in-depth exploration direction.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH137

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