紧致仓储系统绩效及运作策略研究

发布时间：2017-12-31 21:16

本文关键词：紧致仓储系统绩效及运作策略研究　出处：《华中科技大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：作为现代物流的重要组成部分,仓储系统的运作效率对整个供应链的运作绩效具有重要的影响。一方面,提高仓储系统的运作效率可以快速满足消费者的需求,提升客户服务水平；另一方面,随着土地和人力成本的上升,提高仓储空间的利用率以及运作效率对于降低总的运营成本至关重要。因此仓储系统正向具有存取空间紧致化和服务时间即时化两个特征的紧致化仓储系统发展。在存取、分拣、配送等环节,紧致化仓储系统通过对运作流程和运作时间的协调和优化,以快速满足客户多样化、个性化需求。而仓储系统的运作效率受到多种因素的影响,其中包括储存策略、货架的尺寸,堆垛机的特征、指令周期以及待命位策略等。本文主要研究紧致化仓储系统的绩效与运作策略的相关问题。首先选取两个代表性的紧致化仓储系统(倍深式货架自动化立体仓库和三维紧致化仓储系统)作为具体的研究对象。针对倍深式货架单巷道自动化立体仓库,结合倍深式货架可能需要翻箱操作的特点,提出采用双梭堆垛机来提高系统的运作效率,建立了在随机储存策略下,堆垛机的双指令和四指令期望周期时间的解析模型。研究表明采用双梭堆垛机可以显著提升倍深式货架仓储系统的运作效率。对于倍深式多巷道自动化立体仓库,首先建立了该系统下的单指令和双指令的期望周期时间模型,并提出了三种可行的翻箱策略；接着以总成本最低为目标,以货架储存率为决策变量建立了仓储空间紧密型和运作效率及时性之间的权衡模型来指导仓储系统的相关决策。针对三维紧致化仓储系统,得出该系统在特定假设条件下的运行时间模型,该模型可以很好的衡量该仓储系统的运作效率。利用运作效率模型在战略和运作两个层面上指导仓储企业进行相关的决策。在战略层面,指导仓储系统的设计人员对货架三个维度方向上的尺寸进行最优化设计；在运作层面,分析了相关参数对该系统运作效率的影响。其次结合当前电子商务飞速发展的趋势以及在配送的整个过程中经常发生爆仓的情况,以紧致化仓储系统的分拣操作为研究对象。分拣效率的高低受订单的产品种类、数量,订单的排序策略以及员工操作熟练程度等多种因素的影响。本部分紧致化仓储系统订单分拣为研究对象,建立混合整数规划模型来对订单进行有效的分配,使得订单的完成时间最小化以及平衡分工人之间的工作负荷,提高紧致化仓储系统的动态响应性。同时证明了该混合整数规划模型为NP难问题,结合问题本身的特征,对模型进行了分析和简化,从而可以利用相关的商业求解软件(如CPLEX)对实际问题进行快速求解。以上研究都是针对仓储系统内部的运作优化问题。本文的最后则是从供应链系统的角度出发,将仓储系统与下游的生产线结合起来考虑,以下游的生产批量决策为具体的研究对象,来研究仓储系统与生产线的联合决策问题。
[Abstract]:As an important part of modern logistics, warehousing system has an important impact on operational efficiency of the operation of the whole supply chain performance. On the one hand, improve the operation efficiency of the storage system can quickly meet the needs of consumers, improve customer service level; on the other hand, with the increase of land and labor costs, improve the utilization of storage space the rate and efficiency to reduce operating costs is crucial. Therefore the storage system is to have access to space and compact Business Hours development compact storage system real-time two features. In the access, sorting, distribution and other aspects of compact storage system through the coordination and optimization of operation process and operation time, to satisfy the customer diversification, personalized needs. And the storage system operation efficiency is affected by many factors, including the storage strategy, the size of the shelves, stacking The characteristics of the machine, the instruction cycle and the standby strategy.
Related issues of performance and operation strategy this paper mainly studies the compact storage system. First selects two representative compact storage system (double deep shelf automated warehouse and three-dimensional compact storage system) as the specific research object. According to the times of deep shelf single aisle automated warehouse, with deep shelf times may need to shift the operating characteristics, the double shuttle stacker to improve system efficiency, established in random storage policy, stacker dual instruction and four instruction cycle time. The expected analytical model of research indicated that the dual shuttle stacker can significantly improve the times of deep shelf storage system efficiency for many times. The deep roadway of automated warehouse, the first time the single instruction cycle expectations model system and dual instruction was established, and put forward three feasible policy shift Slightly; then the lowest total cost as the goal, to the rate of shelf storage for the relevant decision-making decision variables is established between compact storage space and operation efficiency timeliness tradeoff model to guide the warehousing system. For the 3D compact storage system, the running time of the system under certain assumptions of the model, the model can measure the the storage system is a very good operating efficiency. The operation efficiency model in two aspects of strategic and operational guidance of warehousing enterprises make the relevant decision-making. At the strategic level, design personnel to guide the warehousing system optimization design on the shelves of the three dimensions of the dimension on the direction; at the operational level, analyzes the influence of related parameters on the efficiency of operation the system.
Secondly, with the rapid development of e-commerce trends and explosion often occurs in the whole process of distribution in the sorting operation in compact storage system as the research object. The number of sorting efficiency by orders of products, a variety of factors, the order sorting strategy and staff operational proficiency. This part is compact warehouse order picking system as the research object, a mixed integer programming model for effective allocation of orders, the work load orders to minimize the completion time and the balance between workers, improve the dynamic response of the compact storage system. It also has proved that the mixed integer programming model for NP problem, combined with the characteristics of the problem itself and the model is analyzed and simplified, which can be used for the commercial software (such as CPLEX) to quickly find practical problems Solution.
The above study is operation optimization problem for storage system. At the end of this paper is starting from the perspective of supply chain, warehousing system and downstream production line together to consider, in the production batch decision-making downstream as the research object, combined with the decision to study the problem of storage system and production line.

【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F253.9;TH692.3

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