循环激冷气压缩机控制系统的研发设计

发布时间：2018-01-01 11:19

本文关键词：循环激冷气压缩机控制系统的研发设计　出处：《东北大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：循环激冷气压缩机在煤化工、化肥项目煤气化装置中属于核心设备。作为煤头装置,其运行稳定与否直接影响着后续工艺流程的正常运行和最终产品的生产。它所处装置工艺流程复杂,气体处理量大,入口温度高,介质混杂。以前煤气化装置多为进口机组,长期由美国、德国、日本三个国家厂商垄断和控制。装置中的循环激冷气压缩机及控制系统也属国内空白。近年来,沈阳鼓风机集团独立开发研制了循环激冷气压缩机,属于单级悬臂式离心压缩机,其效率和性能均达到国际先进水平,使沈鼓成为世界上仅有的几家能够制造此类压缩机的制造商之一。并以其良好的性能和价格优势打开国内外市场。对此种压缩机控制系统开发也从无到有,并逐步完善优化。为推广国产化产品并同时保证压缩机组乃至整个装置工艺流程平稳安全可靠运行。研制开发一套功能强大、性能优良的压缩机组监测、保护、控制系统又显得至关重要。本课题是结合我们为越南国家化学总公司煤头化肥项目中提供的循环激冷气压缩机组,而设计开发研制的压缩机组监测、控制、保护系统。越南化肥项目是世界上第一套集干煤粉气化、变换、净化、氨合成和尿素合成于一体的大型化肥生产联合装置,属于越南国家重点建设工程。这一工程要求采用全球一流技术,符合国际通行标准。相比同类国际大型化肥项目,越南化肥项目规模之大和技术之复杂较为罕见。鉴于上述压缩机在整个系统装置中的重要作用及其控制系统所具有复杂性和专业性。通过查阅煤气化装置及循环激冷气压缩机的工作原理资料、相关国际标准,并与设计院用户项目负责工程师进行充分交流,全面分析和掌握了大化肥项目煤气化生产装置上的工艺流程及对循环激冷气压缩机机组的控制要求,建立可行、可靠、实用的控制方案。有针对性地优化防喘振和汽轮机调速技术,应用到循环激冷气压缩机组上。此项目采用具有世界先进水平的三重化冗余机组综合控制系统,来完成对压缩机、汽轮机、润滑油站等设备的监测、控制和保护。它克服了以往小型控制系统和分散控制系统的缺点,把机组的各个控制部分,包括：机组联锁ESD、SOE事件顺序记录、机组防喘振控制、调速控制和轴振动位移故障诊断功能等完美地结合在一起,集成为一套机组综合控制系统。随着国产化产品的不断推广应用,不仅可为我国节约同时创造大量外汇,还将打破国外在该领域技术和产品的长期垄断,保持我国循环激冷气压缩机组技术与国际先进水平同步,进入国际市场赢得更大发展的空间。具有深远的政治意义和社会影响。
[Abstract]:Machine in coal chemical recycling cooling gas compressor, the core equipment belongs to the coal gasification plant fertilizer project. As the coal head device, its operation is stable or not directly affects the normal operation of the follow-up process and the production of the final product. The device has complicated process, gas processing capacity, high entrance temperature, mixed media before coal gasification device for imported units, long-term by the United States, Germany, Japan, the three countries monopoly and control. It is the domestic blank circulation chilled air pressure device of compressor and control system. In recent years, Shenyang blower group independently developed circulating chilled air compressor, which belongs to the centrifugal the compressor, its efficiency and performance have reached the international advanced level, the Shenyang Blower has become one of the world's only few manufacturers to manufacture such compressor. And with its good performance and price advantage to play first Inside and outside the market. A compressor control system developed from scratch and gradually improve the optimization. In this regard, for the promotion of domestic products and ensure the smooth and safe and reliable operation of the process unit and the compression device. The development of a powerful, excellent performance of compressor monitoring, protection and control system is crucial.
This project is designed and developed for monitoring, control and protection system of compressor unit, which is combined with the chilling compressor used in the coal head fertilizer project of Vietnam National Chemical General Corporation.
Vietnam fertilizer project is the world's first set of dry pulverized coal gasification, transformation, purification, synthesis of ammonia and urea in one large chemical fertilizer production unit, belonging to the Vietnam national key construction project. This project requires a global first-class technology, in line with international standards. Compared to similar international large chemical fertilizer project, Vietnam fertilizer project scale large and complex technology is rare.
In view of the compressor in the whole system and the important role of the control system is complicated and professional. Through the principle of access to coal gasification device and circulating chilled air compressor, the relevant international standards, and is responsible for the engineers in the full communication with the user project design institute, a comprehensive analysis and grasp of the control process of gas production equipment of large chemical fertilizer projects and on circulating chilled air compressor units, establish feasible, reliable and practical control scheme. Targeted optimization and anti surge control technology applied to the steam turbine, compressor cycle air conditioning. This project adopts the comprehensive excitation control system of three heavy redundant units with the world the advanced level, to the completion of the compressor, turbine, lubricating oil monitoring stations and other equipment, control and protection. It overcomes the small control system and distributed control system The shortcomings of the system include the following parts: unit interlocking ESD, SOE event sequence record, unit anti surge control, speed control and shaft vibration displacement fault diagnosis function. It is integrated into a set of integrated control system.
With the continuous promotion and application of domestic products, not only can also create a large number of foreign exchange for our country economy, will break the foreign monopoly in the field of technology and products, to maintain China's circular air compressor technology shock synchronized with the international advanced level, to enter the international market to win more space for development. With the political significance and a profound social impact.

【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH45

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