不规则薄板零件排样算法的研究

发布时间：2018-01-02 06:07

本文关键词：不规则薄板零件排样算法的研究　出处：《南昌航空大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：薄板零件的排样广泛应用于航空航天、机械制造等工业生产中,排样结果的好坏直接影响到零件生产的合理性与经济性等各种指标。大部分薄板零件的形状都极其不规则,在零件内部甚至出现较大的空白区域,所以如何开发出适合这类零件排样的算法是排样研究中的重要课题。从排样问题的数学计算复杂性看,不规则薄板零件的排样问题在理论上本身属于NP完全问题,因为零件本身的复杂性以及求解的复杂性,该类问题的求解都非常困难。随着计算机辅助排样技术的发展,人们已经能够有效采用人工智能排样实现规则零件的下料,但是由于大部分薄板零件的不规则性,计算机辅助排样效果仍不是很理想。所以本文主要从不规则薄板零件的不规则性出发,根据前人对排样算法的研究,提出适合不规则零件的排样算法。主要的研究工作如下： (1)分析零件排样的数学模型并提出零件的预处理方法。通过对零件简便的计算机描述可以在保证零件描述完整的前提下节约零件排样的时间。零件预处理包含凹凸零件的分类、零件是否可聚合以及它的聚合方法、包络矩形的求取等。 (2)比较前人对零件最小包络矩形排样的定位规则(BL算法、下台阶算法、最低水平线算法等)的研究,分析了其中的一些不足并由零件的不规则性提出最低水平线搜索算法的改进算法。另外,通过对比人工智能算法的几种常用算法,将遗传算法作为本文排样算法的定序规则,并与最低水平线搜索算法的改进算法相结合,试图采用该混合算法改善不规则零件包络矩形局部利用率差的问题。 (3)本文算法验证所在的软件为基于AutoCAD软件采用ObjectARX二次开发技术所生成的薄板零件自动排样系统。该系统具有良好的可操作性,绘制一部分不规则的薄板零件使用本文排样算法在该系统中进行排样,对排样结果进行分析,实验证明该算法在排样应用中具有高效、高利用率的特性。另外,针对最小包络矩形法排样生成的排样图中零件之间空白区域较大的现象,本文还特地采用了人工干预排样来进一步提高排样图的利用率,并达到了预期的效果。本文算法在不规则薄板零件的排样中具有较强的适用性,零件内部空白越大、零件之间尺寸差异越大,该算法的优越性越明显。通过研究证明该排样算法对于减少原材料浪费,提高企业的经济效益有着重要的理论意义和现实意义。
[Abstract]:Sheet parts layout is widely used in aerospace, mechanical manufacturing and other industrial production. The layout results directly affect the rationality and economy of parts production. The shape of most thin parts is extremely irregular, and even a large blank area appears inside the parts. Therefore, how to develop a suitable algorithm for this kind of parts layout is an important subject in the research of layout. From the point of view of the mathematical computational complexity of the layout problem, the layout problem of irregular thin plate parts belongs to the NP-complete problem in theory, because of the complexity of the part itself and the complexity of solving the problem. With the development of computer-aided layout technology, people have been able to effectively use artificial intelligence layout to realize the cutting of regular parts. However, due to the irregularity of most thin plate parts, the effect of computer-aided layout is still not ideal. Therefore, this paper mainly starts from the irregularity of irregular thin plate parts, according to the previous research on the layout algorithm. A layout algorithm suitable for irregular parts is proposed. The main research work is as follows: 1). The mathematical model of part layout is analyzed and the preprocessing method of part is put forward. The simple computer description of the part can save the time of part layout on the premise of ensuring the complete description of the part. The preprocessing of the part contains concave and convex. The classification of parts. Whether the parts can be polymerized and its polymerization method, how to obtain the envelope rectangle, etc. (2) comparing the previous researches on the location rules (BL algorithm, lower step algorithm, lowest horizontal line algorithm, etc.) of the minimum envelope rectangular layout of parts. This paper analyzes some of the shortcomings and proposes an improved algorithm of the minimum horizontal line search algorithm from the irregularity of the parts. In addition, several common algorithms of artificial intelligence algorithm are compared. The genetic algorithm is taken as the ordering rule of this algorithm and combined with the improved algorithm of the lowest horizontal line search algorithm. The hybrid algorithm is used to improve the local utilization ratio of irregular parts enveloping rectangle. 3). The software of this paper is the automatic layout system of thin plate parts based on AutoCAD software and ObjectARX secondary development technology. The system has good maneuverability. Drawing a part of irregular thin plate parts in this system using the layout algorithm to analyze the layout results, experimental results show that the algorithm in the layout application has the characteristics of high efficiency and high utilization. In view of the phenomenon that the blank area between the parts in the layout map generated by the minimum envelope rectangle method is large, this paper also adopts manual intervention layout to further improve the utilization ratio of the layout map. And achieved the expected effect. The algorithm of this paper has strong applicability in irregular sheet metal parts layout. The larger the blank inside the parts, the greater the dimension difference between the parts. The advantages of this algorithm are more obvious. It is proved that the algorithm has important theoretical and practical significance for reducing the waste of raw materials and improving the economic benefits of enterprises.
【学位授予单位】：南昌航空大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：TH162;TP391.72

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