起重机电气控制系统及上车布局优化的设计与实现

发布时间：2018-01-02 12:19

本文关键词：起重机电气控制系统及上车布局优化的设计与实现　出处：《大连海事大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近些年,我国在港口码头、土木建筑、水利水电等行业的大型起重机设计和制造方面取得了一些成绩,但起重机的技术性能及行业的发展在很大程度上取决于起重机电气与控制系统及整体布局方案设计的创新与提高。采取机械与电子技术相结合,将先进的控制技术、电力电子技术、计算机技术应用到机电产品的智能控制系统和智能优化设计中,实现起重机的自动化和智能化,是起重机行业未来发展的方向之一。在起重装备行业中,采用PLC-变频器调速在近几年逐渐得到了推广和普及,用PLC控制取代传统的继电-接触器控制；用变频调速取代绕线电机转子串电阻调速；用变频电动机或异步电动机取代绕线电机,再配合先进的现场总线技术和可视化人机接口界面,提高了设备控制精度和稳定性,且节能、易于检修维护,成为提高企业生产效率的良好途径。此外在起重装备的整体方案设计方面,近年来以先进的智能算法为基础的优化方案设计已逐步取代了原有的依靠经验、试算等传统设计方法,提高了装备的整体性能并能顺应市场需求的快速变化。本论文以港口码头等使用的大型起重机为工程背景,在其智能电气控制系统和布局方案设计两方面开展研究工作。在智能电气控制方面,以D50100K12型门座式起重机为例,重点阐述其电气控制系统相关方面的设计,从原理设计开始,到各功能的实现、元器件的选型等方面,结合起重机的实际需要,并兼顾起重机的相关标准规定,还考虑了实际工作中的经济性、实用性和可靠性,从而完成了D50100K12型门座式起重机的电气控制系统。该起重机已在大连船舶重工集团使用,运行状况良好。此设计的经验表明基于变频器与西门子S7-300可编程逻辑控制器相配合使用,其价格低廉、可靠性和性能价格比较高,使用现场总线后可以使得PLC与变频器之间的联系更为紧密,可以彼此方便地交换大量数据,从而达到起重机的智能化控制目的。在智能布局设计方面,以QUY150履带式起重机为例,论文建立了其上车构件布局优化的数学模型,基于群智能优化的策略,将自适应和多种群进化的思想引入并行遗传算法,提出一种自适应多种群并行遗传算法AMPGA,并用经典的函数优化算例验证了其可行性和有效性。最后将提出的算法用于求解起重机上车构件的布局优化问题中,取得了令人满意的结果。本工作可望对大型起重机的相关智能控制和设计提供启发和借鉴,具有一定意义。
[Abstract]:In recent years, China has made some achievements in the design and manufacture of large cranes in port wharf, civil construction, water conservancy and hydropower industry. However, the technical performance of crane and the development of the industry to a large extent depend on the innovation and improvement of crane electrical and control system and overall layout design. The combination of mechanical and electronic technology is adopted. The advanced control technology, power electronic technology and computer technology are applied to the intelligent control system and intelligent optimization design of electromechanical products to realize the automation and intelligence of crane. Crane industry is one of the future development direction. In the lifting equipment industry, the use of PLC- frequency converter speed control in recent years has gradually been popularized and popularized, using PLC control to replace the traditional relay-contactor control; The speed regulation of rotor series resistance of winding motor is replaced by frequency conversion speed regulation. The frequency conversion motor or asynchronous motor is used to replace the winding motor, and the advanced field bus technology and visual man-machine interface are used to improve the control precision and stability of the equipment, and it is energy saving and easy to overhaul and maintain. It has become a good way to improve the production efficiency of enterprises. In addition, in the whole scheme design of lifting equipment, in recent years, the optimization scheme design based on advanced intelligent algorithm has gradually replaced the original relying experience. Traditional design methods, such as trial calculation, improve the overall performance of equipment and adapt to the rapid changes of market demand. This paper takes the large crane used in port and wharf as the engineering background, carries on the research work in its intelligent electrical control system and the layout scheme design, and in the intelligent electrical control aspect. Taking the D50100K12 gantry crane as an example, this paper focuses on the design of its electrical control system, starting from the principle design, to the realization of various functions, the selection of components and so on. Combined with the actual needs of the crane and the relevant standards and regulations of the crane, the economy, practicability and reliability of the actual work are also considered. Thus the electrical control system of D50100K12 gantry crane has been completed. The crane has been used in Dalian Shipbuilding heavy Industry Group. The experience of this design shows that the inverter can be used in combination with Siemens S7-300 programmable logic controller with low price, high reliability and high performance price. The use of fieldbus can make the connection between PLC and frequency converter closer, and can exchange a lot of data conveniently with each other, so as to achieve the purpose of intelligent control of crane. Taking the QUY150 crawler crane as an example, this paper establishes the mathematical model of the optimization of the bus component layout. Based on the strategy of swarm intelligence optimization, the idea of adaptive and multi-group evolution is introduced into the parallel genetic algorithm. An adaptive multi-population parallel genetic algorithm (AMPGA) is proposed. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm are verified by a classical function optimization example. Finally, the proposed algorithm is applied to solve the layout optimization problem of the crane hoist, and satisfactory results are obtained. This work is expected to provide inspiration and reference for the intelligent control and design of large crane.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH21

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