新型电流变阀的设计及实验研究

发布时间：2018-01-02 17:42

本文关键词：新型电流变阀的设计及实验研究　出处：《吉林大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在液压领域用传统阀来实现系统内流动介质流通截止功能和压力流量控制功能,要选用不同的阀控系统。当要求上述的两种功能同时实现时,传统阀门就不再适用,无论是实现什么功能的传统阀都有着不可避免的缺陷和不足。当把电流变技术引入到液压领域可以研制出一种新的阀控系统称为电流变阀。它用电信号控制实现上述两种不同功能的组合使用,有效的避免传统阀的缺陷。电流变阀的优点是： (1)电信号直接作用于流动介质实现对压力和流量的控制。 (2)工作频率高,响应快,滞后小,控制过程中不需要传统机构的辅助,控制速度和精度高。 (3)不存在相接触的运动副,所以无机械磨损,寿命长。 (4)不需要较高的机械加工精度,生产成本低,加工工艺简单。本文对电流变阀内影响流体压力的因素进行了理论分析,发现电流变阀的压差主要由两部分组成。一部分是由电流变阀的结构参数产生的基本压力差,只随流量变化；另一部分是由电流变效应产生的电致压力差,它与电流变阀的结构参数和电场强度有关。分析了电流变液在无外加电场作用时在平行板缝隙内的速度分布情况,并根据电流变效应的知识预测了外加电场时阀内的速度分布情况。根据理论分析的结论,设计了一种新型的多间隙平行板串联结构的电流变阀。通过增减电极板的数量分别对两间隙和四间隙的电流变阀进行FLUENT仿真分析并组建试验系统进行实验研究。试验和仿真结果表明随着电场的增加,压力差增大,这种增大的趋势近似呈高阶曲线分布；随着流量的增大,压力差增大,它的增长趋势近似呈线性；在场强流量给定时流道缝隙增加,压力差减小；在相同的外部条件下,串联流道越多,压力差越大。新型电流变阀和传统电流变阀相比,它的优势在于能有效地增大压差,提高阀的截止能力；根据不同的外部需要可以适当的增减电极板的数量,组合成不同结构的电流变阀；可以用螺栓来调整平行极板的间隙,来实现无级调节流量和压差的功能。受电流变液的性能和实验器材的限制,实验并没有体现出阀的全部性能,比如电流变液发生固化后的性能受材料所限就没能进行验证。但是实验验证了电流变效应的产生,并且验证了压力与流量、场强、平板间隙的关系。本文介绍的电流变阀是电流变技术在工程上的典型应用。因其具有传统电流变阀所不具有一系列优势,随着电流变技术的成熟,它的应用将会更加广泛。
[Abstract]:In the hydraulic field, the traditional valve is used to realize the flow cut-off function and the pressure flow control function in the system. Different valve control systems should be selected. When the two functions mentioned above are required to be realized at the same time. Traditional valves are no longer applicable, no matter what the functions of the traditional valves have inevitable defects and deficiencies. When the electrorheological technology is introduced into the hydraulic field, a new valve control system called electrorheological valve can be developed. Effectively avoid defects in conventional valves. The advantages of electrorheological valves are: 1) the electric signal acts directly on the flowing medium to control the pressure and flow rate. 2) High frequency, fast response, small lag, no need of traditional mechanism in the control process, high control speed and precision. There are no contact pairs, so there is no mechanical wear and long life. No need for high machining precision, low production cost and simple processing technology. In this paper, the factors affecting the fluid pressure in the ER valve are theoretically analyzed. It is found that the pressure difference of the ER valve is mainly composed of two parts, one is the basic pressure difference caused by the structural parameters of the ERV. Only with the flow rate; The other part is the electrically induced pressure difference caused by the electrorheological effect, which is related to the structure parameters and the electric field intensity of the electrorheological valve. The velocity distribution of the electrorheological fluid in the slot of the parallel plate is analyzed without the applied electric field. According to the knowledge of electrorheological effect, the velocity distribution in the valve is predicted when the applied electric field is applied. According to the conclusion of theoretical analysis. A new type of electrorheological valve with multi-gap parallel plate in series was designed. By adding and decreasing the number of electrode plates, the electrorheological valve with two and four clearances was simulated and analyzed by FLUENT and the test system was set up. Experimental research. Experimental and simulation results show that with the increase of electric field. When the pressure difference increases, the increasing trend is approximately a high-order curve distribution. With the increase of flow rate, the pressure difference increases, and its growth trend is approximately linear. The field strong flow rate increases the slot of the timing channel and decreases the pressure difference. Under the same external conditions, the more serial channels, the greater the pressure difference. Compared with the traditional electrorheological valve, the advantages of the new ER valve are that it can effectively increase the pressure difference and improve the cut-off capacity of the valve. According to different external needs, the number of electrode plates can be appropriately increased or decreased, and the electrorheological valves with different structures can be assembled; Bolts can be used to adjust the clearance of parallel plates to achieve stepless regulation of flow and pressure differential function. Limited by the performance of electrorheological fluid and experimental equipment, the experiment did not reflect the full performance of the valve. For example, the properties of electrorheological fluids after solidification can not be verified by the material, but the effect of electrorheological effect is verified by experiments, and the relationship between pressure and flow rate, field strength and plate gap is verified. The electrorheological valve introduced in this paper is a typical application of electrorheological technology in engineering. Because it has a series of advantages that the traditional ER valve does not have, it will be used more widely with the maturity of ER technology.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：TH137.52

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