高速精密纺织机械专用轴承的研究

发布时间：2018-01-03 06:05

本文关键词：高速精密纺织机械专用轴承的研究　出处：《浙江大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着纺纱机械不断向轻型化、多功能和高速化以及高可靠性方向发展,对其配套轴承的结构、性能与可靠性都提出了更高的要求。由于精密角接触球轴承具有高速、高刚度和长寿命等特点,在高速精密纺织机械中得以成功应用,但由于这类轴承的设计、制造的技术难度大,目前主要依赖进口。为此,本文以高速精密角接触球轴承为研究对象,结合企业的实际需求,展开其结构设计与优化、工艺分析与改进以及试验等研究工作,为实现其国产化提供技术支持。 1)首先介绍了本论文的研究的主要内容及选择的背景,国内高速精密纺织机械专用轴承的研究和开发起步较晚,在轴承的设计技术、加工工艺、密封结构、润滑性能以及专用检测技术和试验技术等方面还在探索阶段,目前只是停留在经验设计和类比设计阶段,研制开发过程中的关键技术缺乏必要的理论支撑和试验依据。而随着我国工业现代化的发展,对零部件的要求也越来越高,同时也应享有自主的知识产权,开发和制造高可靠性、高精度的纺织机械专用轴承。 2)通过对高速精密纺织机械专用轴承内部结构及性能特点进行分析,阐述了轴承优化设计的一般步骤,并重点分析了轴承内部保持架的运动及对轴承性能的影响。并在现有的轴承设计中通过优化设计轴承保持架来进一步提高轴承性能,满足客户的使用需求。通过在原有轴承设计上,优化轴承内部保持架的结构,根据轴承内部保持架的运动特点增加保持架的引导槽、引导角来降低轴承内部的摩擦力矩。从而进一步提高轴承寿命。 3)分析高速精密纺织机械专用轴承的静动态分析,采用有限元的分析方法,利用计算机软件计算轴承内部承载情况,通过模拟分析各个不同加载情况来比较轴承内部不同受力情况,为进一步优化设计提供理论数据支持,在给定不同载荷、转速及温升等条件下(5种边界条件),对轴承的静动态性能进行分析,并得出不同条件下轴承内部承载情况,其中热载荷对轴承的影响较大,所以在设计中应重点考虑怎样充分的润滑,改进产品结构降低轴承内部的摩擦,使轴承旋转中能充分降低轴承温升,并验证本文提出的保持架优化结构设计。 4)重点分析高速精密纺织机械专用轴承制造加工过程中的工艺,高速精密纺织机械专用轴承不但要有好的设计方法,好的设计理念,更重要的是要能够实施,能够加工出来满足设计要求的产品,因此对热处理的工艺控制、硬车削工艺、超精工艺、表面强化处理工艺的重点分析,并为满足产品的质量要求,进行工艺上的改进及工艺参数的优化。首先热处理并采用真空淬火、增加冷处理的工艺,减低残余奥氏体含量、消除轴承内部残余应力,提高轴承使用寿命；其次在硬车削工序进行试验设计DOE的参数选择,来选取最优参数组合,合理的设计工艺留量,来保证轴承外径环槽尺寸精度,使轴承运转过程中更稳定；之后对超精工艺分析及改进,为提高轴承的使用寿命,通过超精工装的改进减小沟道的沟型误差,使其沟型误差减少50%,保证批次的一致性,这对保证整批轴承的寿命的一致性大有好处；同时通过沟道表面硬化处理,使沟道表面得到压应力来提高使用寿命；合理的配置了工艺参数,针对存在的问题进行改进,从加工工艺方面提高轴承的使用寿命。 5)对高速精密纺织机械专用轴承进行性能试验,来验证设计及制造的轴承是否满足客户的需求,同时也给进一步优化提供数据,使之不断提升。通过对8组样品的一年多时间持续监控来确定轴承的使用寿命,BN35-8V/P2及轴承的速度参数dm*n值已达到48*25000:1.2X106mm*r/min,温升最高15℃.最小寿命8592h,完全满足客户的7200h要求,达到了预期的目的。说明此产品是成功的,从结构改进,制造加工技术都是比较先进的。 6)总结全文并对高速精密纺织机械专用轴承的发展提出了期望,同时也指出了目前国内在高速精密纺机专用轴承的产品发展现状。在高速精密角接触球轴承的设计中,采用拟静力学设计理论,同时引入“外圈沟道控制假说”,建立函数和数学模型,对轴承主要参数进行优化设计,提出了高速精密纺机角接触球轴承的设计方法；同时还通过试验、试制得出了一整套完备的加工工艺,使得在目前工艺装备情况下达到设计要求。试验表明,研制的BN35-8V/P2轴承的主要性能指标达到了甚至超过了国际著名的轴承公司的同类产品的先进水平,从而验证了设计优化方法及工艺方法的先进性及实用性。高速精密纺织机械专用轴承在国内主要依赖进口,本论文所取得的技术成果对提高我国轴承产品设计与制造水平具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:With the continuous spinning machine to light, multifunction and high speed and high reliability direction, supporting structure on the bearing performance and reliability, higher requirements are put forward. The precision angular contact ball bearings with high speed, and long life characteristics of Gao Gang, has been successfully used in high speed precision textile machinery but, because of the design of this type of bearing, the technical difficulty of manufacturing, mainly rely on imports. Therefore, in this paper, a high speed angular contact ball bearing as the research object, combined with the actual needs of enterprises, the structure design and optimization, work process analysis and improvement and test, provide technical support for the realization of the localization.
1) first introduced the main content and the choice of the research background of the research and development of domestic start high speed precision textile machinery special bearings in the late bearing design technology, machining process, sealing structure, lubrication performance and special exploration in aspects of detection technology and testing technology, currently only stay in experience design and analogy design stage, key technology research and development process of the lack of theoretical support and experimental basis necessary. And with the development of China's industrial modernization, the parts are increasingly high requirements, but also should have the independent intellectual property rights, development and manufacture of high reliability, special textile machinery bearings with high precision.
2) based on the high speed precision textile machinery special bearing internal structure and performance characteristic analysis, elaborated the general steps of optimization design of the bearing, and analyzes the bearing cage movement and the influence on the bearing performance and the bearing design. In the current through the optimization design of bearing cage to further improve bearing performance, meet the use of customer demand. The original bearing design, optimization of bearing cage structure, according to the motion characteristics of the bearing is maintained inside the frame increased to maintain guide groove frame, guide angle to reduce the friction torque of bearings in the Department. In order to further improve the bearing life.
3) the analysis of static and dynamic analysis of high speed precision textile machinery special bearings, using the finite element analysis method, calculation of bearing load by using the computer software, through the simulation analysis of different loading conditions to compare the different internal bearing force, to provide theoretical data support for further optimization design, given the different load, speed and temperature l condition (5 boundary conditions), analysis on static and dynamic performance of the bearing, and the bearing internal bearing under different conditions, the influence of thermal load on the bearing, so the design should focus on how to fully improve the lubrication, reducing internal friction bearing product structure, so that the bearing can be fully to reduce the temperature of bearings in the rotating frame, and verify the optimized structure design and maintain in this paper.
4) analysis technology of high speed precision textile machinery special bearing manufacturing process on high speed precision textile machinery special bearing not only have a good design, good design, more important is to be able to implement, can be processed to meet the design requirements of products, so the control of heat treatment process, hard turning process, ultra precision technology, analysis of the key process of surface strengthening, and to meet the requirements of the product quality, optimize the process parameters and improve the process. The first heat treatment and vacuum quenching process, increase the cold treatment, reduce the content of residual austenite, eliminate bearing internal residual stress, improve the service life of the bearing selection; secondly, parameter design of experiment of DOE in hard turning process, to select the optimal parameters of the design process and reasonable allowance, to ensure the bearing outer ring groove size precision, the shaft carrier More stable in the process of ultra precision process; after analysis and improvement, in order to improve the service life of the bearing groove error by improving the ultra loaded Seiko decrease the channel, the channel error is reduced by 50%, to ensure consistency of the batch, the batch to ensure the consistency of bearing life is good at the same time; through the channel surface hardening, the compressive stress to improve the service life of the channel surface; reasonable configuration parameters, aiming at the existing problem of improvement, improve the service life of the bearing from the processing technology.
5) performance test of high speed precision textile machinery special bearings, to verify whether the bearing design and manufacture to meet customer demand, but also to further optimize the data, make continuous improvement. Based on 8 samples of more than a year of continuous monitoring to determine the service life of the bearing, speed and bearing parameters of dm*n BN35-8V/P2 the value has reached 48*25000:1.2X106mm*r/min, the highest temperature of 15 degrees Celsius. The minimum life of 8592h, fully meet customer 7200h requirements, achieve the expected purpose. This product is successful, the improvement of structure, manufacturing and processing technology is more advanced.
6) summarize the full text and put forward expectations for the development of special bearings for high-speed and precision textile machinery. At the same time, we also point out the current development of special bearings for high-speed precision spinning machines in China.
Design of ball bearing in high speed and high precision angle, using the quasi-static design theory, introducing the "outer raceway control hypothesis, set up function and mathematical model to optimize the design parameters of the main bearing, put forward the design of a high speed precision machinery angular contact ball bearing method; also through test, trial machining are obtained. A comprehensive set of technology, which meets the design requirements in the current process of equipment in the case. The results show that the main performance index of BN35-8V/P2 bearing developed has reached even more than the advanced level of international famous bearing companies of similar products, which verified the advanced and practical design methods and process optimization method. High precision textile mechanical special bearings in domestic is mainly dependent on imports, the technology has improved the level of China's bearing products design and manufacturing to Italy Righteousness.

【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TH133.3

【参考文献】