桥式起重机起升机构控制改造与应用研究

发布时间：2018-01-13 04:08

本文关键词：桥式起重机起升机构控制改造与应用研究　出处：《昆明理工大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：桥式起重机作为一种物料搬运的设备,其起升机构工作的安全性和可靠性是保证物料在高空运输的前提,同时对地面设备和人员的安全也是至关重要的,随着设备使用年限的增加和继电器-接触器有触点控制性能的下降,桥式起重机在物料起升中出现故障的概率逐渐增加。经过长期使用后,某厂30/5T桥式起重机出现瞬时溜钩、机械声响大、微动控制难、设备颤动大、档位不定位、元件烧坏、突然停机等故障现象,严重威胁设备和人员的安全。本文在不改变桥式起重机大车运行机构、小车运行机构的前提下,以某企业30/5T桥式起重机的起升机构电气系统改造为研究对象,采用交流变频调速技术和PLC控制技术,对该桥式起重机的起升系统的电气控制进行技术改造,构建了相应技术改造方案,选择了8极750r/min的YZBF250M-8鼠笼式异步电动机为主钩驱动电机；6极1000r/min的YZBF160L-6鼠笼式异步电动机副钩驱动电机；选择FR-A540-45W的变频器为主钩电机调速；FR-A540-15W的变频器为副钩电机调速；选择三菱FX2N-80MR作为起升系统的电气PLC控制替代传统的PQR型磁力屏控制方式。根据所选择的桥式起重机起升机构的驱动电机、变频器的控制信号要求,按照控制工艺流程的需求,设计主钩的变频器接线图、副钩的变频器接线图。根据所选择的PLC定义其输入输出端口和接线图,根据主钩、副钩工作的控制要求和工艺流程,设计了主钩、副钩的PLC编程梯形图；编写了相应的PLC控制程序。将所选购的电动机、变频器、PLC用于该桥式起重机的起升机构改造的现场施工,完成了相应的接线工作,对通电前的电气系统进行再检测和安全调试,并对PLC控制程序及相关参数设置进行现场调试,调试结果表明桥式起重机的改造取得圆满的效果,达到了预期的目的。本文将交流变频技术与PLC控制技术相结合,解决传统设备的控制问题,提升了传统设备的控制精度,挖掘了传统设备的机械潜能,延长了设备的使用寿命,项目的研究结果和实践,对同类设备的技术改造具有参考价值。
[Abstract]:Bridge crane as a material handling equipment, the safety and reliability of its lifting mechanism is the premise to ensure material transportation at high altitude, and it is also very important to the safety of ground equipment and personnel. With the increase of the service life of the equipment and the decline of the contact control performance of the relay-contactor, the probability of the bridge crane failure in the material hoisting increases gradually. The 30 / 5T bridge crane of a certain factory has some faults such as instantaneous hooks, loud mechanical noise, difficult fretting control, large equipment tremor, unpositioning of gear, burning out of components, sudden shutdown and so on. A serious threat to the safety of equipment and personnel. In this paper, the lifting mechanism of a 30 / 5T bridge crane is studied under the premise of not changing the trolley running mechanism and the trolley running mechanism of the bridge crane, and taking the electrical system of the lifting mechanism of the 30 / 5T bridge crane in an enterprise as the research object. Adopting AC frequency conversion speed regulation technology and PLC control technology, the electrical control of the lifting system of the bridge crane is reformed, and the corresponding technical transformation scheme is constructed. The YZBF250M-8 squirrel cage asynchronous motor with 8 poles 750 r / min is selected as the main hook drive motor. (6) YZBF160L-6 squirrel-cage asynchronous motor with auxiliary hook drive motor with 1000rp / min pole; Choose FR-A540-45W frequency converter as the main hook motor speed regulation; The frequency converter of FR-A540-15W is the speed regulation of auxiliary hook motor. Mitsubishi FX2N-80MR is chosen as the electrical PLC control of the hoisting system instead of the traditional PQR magnetic screen control mode. According to the requirements of the control signals of the driving motor and frequency converter of the lifting mechanism of the bridge crane, according to the requirements of the control process, the connection diagram of the main hook is designed. According to the selected PLC, the input and output ports and wiring diagrams are defined, and the main hook is designed according to the control requirements and technological process of the main hook and auxiliary hook. The trapezoidal diagram of PLC programming of accessory hook; The corresponding PLC control program is written. The selected motor and inverter PLC were used in the field construction of the lifting mechanism transformation of the bridge crane. The corresponding wiring work was completed and the electrical system before electrification was re-detected and safely debugged. The PLC control program and related parameters are debugged on the spot. The debugging results show that the reconstruction of the bridge crane has achieved satisfactory results and achieved the desired purpose. In this paper, the AC frequency conversion technology and PLC control technology are combined to solve the control problems of traditional equipment, improve the control accuracy of traditional equipment, and tap the mechanical potential of traditional equipment. The service life of the equipment is prolonged, the research result and practice of the project are extended, and it has reference value for the technical transformation of the similar equipment.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：TH215

【引证文献】