机电产品环境意识设计及评价方法研究

发布时间：2018-01-18 13:26

本文关键词：机电产品环境意识设计及评价方法研究　出处：《浙江大学》2013年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：伴随着科技进步和工业化进程,人类赖以生存的地球环境受到巨大破坏,表现在气候变暖、臭氧层耗竭、环境污染、资源匮乏、生物多样性锐减等诸多方面。面对严峻的生存和发展挑战,可持续发展已成为众多国家的发展战略。产品设计可以从源头上减少对环境的负面影响,是影响可持续发展最重要的一部分。研究者已提出大量环境意识设计方法和工具并将其融入设计过程,但对如何平衡环境意识设计过程中的众多因素缺乏必要研究,特别是对如何平衡生命周期环境影响和成本以改进设计缺乏研究,而且如何综合利用这些方法和工具建立具有一定普适性的设计框架也存在问题。为此,本文从理论和应用的角度对集成环境影响评价和生命周期成本的机电产品环境意识设计方法进行了研究,主要研究内容如下：第一章阐述了论文的研究背景和环境意识设计相关概念,对环境意识设计、环境影响评价和生命周期成本的国内外研究现状进行了综述和分析,在对研究综述总结的基础上提出了论文的研究问题,最后给出了论文主要研究内容及组织结构。第二章提出了集成环境影响评价和生命周期成本的环境意识设计模型,运用环境意识设计参考模型描述环境意识设计过程。分析了生命周期环境影响和成本的形成及关系,利用环境影响-成本矩阵、基于价值工程的集成方法和多设计要素的平衡模型对生命周期环境影响和成本进行权衡。最后给出了环境意识设计方案综合评价方法以及环境意识设计实施方法的参考模型。第三章分析了TRIZ与环境意识设计的关系,提出了集成TRIZ的机电产品环境意识设计过程框架和基于TRIZ融合RBR和CBR的机电产品环境意识设计过程框架,并对案例表示、案例匹配算法、设计冲突的消解和机电产品生态效率的改善等相关关键技术进行了研究。第四章分析了机电产品生命周期环境影响类型和产生环境影响的过程,在此基础上提出了机电产品环境影响简化评价模型和方法。系统地阐述了机电产品环境影响因素的识别和分类、生态指数的计算方法、简化评价范围的确定和环境影响数据的获取方法等关键技术。最后建立了机电产品环境影响简化评价的结构分析、相关分析和敏感性分析等分析方法,为改进和优化机电产品生态性提供了反馈信息。第五章分析了机电产品生命周期成本的构成并提出了机电产品的生命周期成本(包括环境成本)估算和分析方法。将环境成本纳入生命周期成本,拓宽了生命周期成本的涵义,揭示了机电产品更真实全面的生命周期成本,实现了生命周期环境影响评价和生命周期成本的有机集成。按照先分解后估算的思想,分面向改进设计和面向新设计两种情形进行估算方法的论述。最后通过对生命周期成本的帕累托分析等分析方法为改进机电产品设计、提高机电产品经济性提供了指导性建议。第六章以某企业工业汽轮机及其主要零部件(转子、汽缸和叶片)为例,进行生命周期环境影响简化评价和分析、生命周期成本(包括环境成本)估算和分析。根据评价、估算和分析的结果给出改进设计的指导性建议,帮助设计者改善它们的生态性和经济性,从而验证了前述机电产品环境意识设计方法的可行性。第七章对全文进行了总结,并对课题未来的研究方向进行了展望。
[Abstract]:Along with the progress of science and technology and industrialization, the environment for human survival is the huge damage in climate warming, ozone depletion, environmental pollution, lack of resources, loss of biodiversity and other aspects. In the face of grave challenges of survival and development, sustainable development has become the development strategy for many countries. Product design can reduce the negative the impact on the environment from the source, is the most important part of sustainable development. Researchers have proposed a lot of environmental consciousness design methods and tools and integrated into the design process, but the lack of the necessary research on many factors how to balance environmental awareness in the design process, especially on how to balance life cycle environmental impact and cost in order to improve the study design and lack of comprehensive utilization of these methods and tools have a certain general adaptability established design framework is also problematic. Therefore, From the point of view of theory and application, this paper studies the design method of environmental awareness of electromechanical products based on integrated environmental impact assessment and life cycle cost.
The first chapter describes the research background and design concepts of environmental awareness, environmental awareness, environmental impact assessment and life cycle cost of the research at home and abroad were reviewed and analyzed to propose the research question on the basis of review and summary, the main research contents and organization structure is given.
The second chapter puts forward the evaluation model of environmentally conscious design and life cycle cost of integrated environment, using environmentally conscious design reference model to describe the environmental awareness of the design process. The author analyzes the formation and the relationship between the life cycle environmental impact and cost, the environmental impact cost matrix, affect the balance of model integration method of value engineering and design elements of based on the life cycle environmental and cost trade-off. Finally, a reference model of implementation method of comprehensive evaluation of environmental awareness and environmental awareness of design methods of design are given.
The third chapter analyzes the relationship between TRIZ and environmental conscious design, proposed the design process of mechanical and electrical products environmental awareness framework and integration of TRIZ and based on the environmental awareness of design process of mechanical and electrical products of TRIZ fusion RBR and CBR framework, and the case representation, case matching algorithm, the key technology of design conflict digestion and mechanical and electrical products eco efficiency improvement correlation was studied.
The fourth chapter analyzes the life cycle environmental impact type of electromechanical products and environmental impacts of the process are put forward based on the simplified model and method to evaluate environmental impact of mechanical and electrical products. Systematically expounded the environmental impact of mechanical and electrical products to identify and classify the factors and calculation method of ecological index, the key technology to simplify the evaluation scope and environmental impact data the acquisition method. Finally established analysis simplified the structure of the environmental impact assessment of mechanical and electrical products, correlation analysis and sensitivity analysis method, for the improvement and optimization of mechanical and electrical products ecological provides feedback information.
The fifth chapter analyzes the structure of life cycle cost of electromechanical products and put forward the life cycle cost of mechanical and electrical products (including environmental cost) estimation and analysis. The environmental cost is included in the life cycle cost, broaden the life cycle cost of the meaning, reveals the life cycle cost of electromechanical products more realistic and comprehensive, the life cycle environmental impact integrated assessment and life cycle cost. According to the decomposition estimation idea oriented design and improvement for the new design of two kinds of situations were discussed. Finally, the estimation method of Pareto analysis of life cycle cost for improving the design of mechanical and electrical products, provide guidance and advice to improve the economic efficiency of mechanical and electrical products.
In the sixth chapter, some enterprises of industrial steam turbine and its main components (cylinder and rotor blade) as an example, to simplify the evaluation and analysis of environmental impact in the life cycle, life cycle cost (including environmental cost) estimation and analysis. According to the evaluation, estimation and analysis results are given to improve the design of the guidance, help to improve the ecological and economic they are designers, which verifies the feasibility of the design method of environmental awareness of mechanical and electrical products.
The seventh chapter makes a summary of the full text, and looks forward to the future research direction of the subject.

【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TH122

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