桥式起重机主梁的有限元分析及优化设计

发布时间：2018-01-21 19:22

本文关键词： 桥式起重机主梁有限元分析优化设计　出处：《武汉工程大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：桥式起重机是一种主要应用于室内车间用于运输的特种设备，主要作用是完成重物和维修设备的搬运。桥式起重机的运用有效的提高了工人的劳动效率，并且减少了作业人员的事故率。主梁是起重机的主要受力部件，因此对主梁参数和各种不同受载情况的研究就变得尤为重要。通过模拟各种环境下起重机的实际作业情况，对桥式起重机主梁进行了相应的有限元分析研究，在此基础上，对主梁横截面参数进行了优化设计研究，大大降低了起重机桥架的质量，从而实现了简化结构、降低重量和制造成本的目的。本文以某厂生产的QD桥式起重机为例，主要研究了以下几个内容：（1）分析研究了桥式起重机目前发展状况和存在的问题。对桥式起重机主梁进行了相应的理论计算，在此基础上，运用三维设计软件对桥式起重机的主梁进行了参数化建模研究，并采用动态静力法对其进行了有限元分析研究，研究分析主梁在静态和动态工况下承受不同载荷时的应力、变形等情况。（2）研究起重机在室外时受到外界条件（如：风载荷）的影响，计算了平均风载荷的大小。研究中添加平均风载荷对其主梁的影响，并运用Solidworks软件对桥式起重机的主梁进行有限元分析，得出主梁在风载荷作用下的应力、变形等情况。（3）研究并建立了桥式起重机静态和瞬时冲击力模型。通过理论分析研究，对主梁的固有频率、提升重物瞬时冲击引起的冲击力以及冲击力引起的振幅进行了计算，在此基础上，研究了冲击动载荷对主梁强度和刚度的影响，并对其振动模态进行了分析研究。（4）研究并建立了主梁的优化目标模型，，通过理论分析计算获得主梁截面的目标函数及各项约束函数，运用MATLAB进行优化计算，得出主梁在满足目标函数条件下的合理结果，从而实现优化目的。
[Abstract]:Bridge crane is a kind of special equipment which is mainly used in indoor workshop for transportation. The main function is to complete the handling of heavy objects and maintenance equipment. The use of bridge crane effectively improves the labor efficiency of workers. The main beam is the main part of the crane. Therefore, it is very important to study the parameters of the main girder and the different loading conditions. By simulating the actual working conditions of the crane in various environments, the corresponding finite element analysis of the main girder of the bridge crane is carried out. On this basis, the optimization design of the cross-section parameters of the main beam is carried out, which greatly reduces the quality of the crane bridge, thus realizing the purpose of simplifying the structure, reducing the weight and the manufacturing cost. Taking the QD bridge crane produced by a factory as an example, this paper mainly studies the following contents: 1) the present development situation and existing problems of bridge crane are analyzed and studied. The corresponding theoretical calculation of the main girder of bridge crane is carried out, on the basis of which. The parametric modeling of the main girder of the bridge crane is studied by using 3D design software, and the finite element analysis of the bridge crane is carried out by using the dynamic static method. The stress and deformation of the main beam under different loads under static and dynamic conditions are studied and analyzed. 2) the influence of external conditions (such as wind load) on the crane is studied, and the average wind load is calculated. The influence of the average wind load on the main girder is studied. The finite element analysis of the main girder of the bridge crane is carried out by using Solidworks software, and the stress and deformation of the main girder under the action of wind load are obtained. The static and instantaneous impact force models of bridge crane are studied and established. Through theoretical analysis, the natural frequency of the main girder is studied. The impact force and the amplitude caused by the impact force are calculated, and the influence of the impact dynamic load on the strength and stiffness of the main beam is studied. The vibration modes are analyzed and studied. 4) the optimization objective model of the main beam is studied and established. The objective function and the constraint function of the main beam section are obtained by theoretical analysis and calculation, and the optimization calculation is carried out by using MATLAB. The reasonable results of the main beam under the condition of satisfying the objective function are obtained, so as to achieve the optimization purpose.
【学位授予单位】：武汉工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TH215

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