码垛机液压系统优化与控制

发布时间：2018-01-28 18:19

本文关键词： 码垛机液压系统无冲击 PLC　出处：《太原理工大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在经济迅猛发展的新形势下,城镇化发展不断深化,建筑等行业对于各种类型的砖块的需求量日益增大。在传统的砖块生产中,不但巨大地消耗了有限的资源粘土,而且对环境也产生了严重的污染。在寻求这一矛盾的解决方法的过程中,砌块成型机得到了快速发展。砌块成型机是一种以工业废料(粉煤灰、炉渣等)为原材料,按照一定比例混合水等原料形成混凝土,然后压制成型的设备。砌块成型之后,为了方便运输,要将其码成所需要的垛型。这就需要有码垛装置夹持砌块,通过升降装置将其抬起,移动到指定的地方放置,通过这样的重复动作完成对砌块的搬运、码垛等操作。码垛机械在砌块生产线中发挥了巨大的作用,大大降低了劳动强度,改善了工作环境,同时也有利于提高生产水平。在码垛设备携带砌块启动和停止时,如果加速度过大会造成砌块脱落,同时如果加速度太小又会延长工作周期,降低工作效率。为了解决这个问题,本论文从液压系统节能与优化的角度出发,完成了以下几个方面的工作。用电液比例阀控制升降油缸,通过对比例阀电信号的设置,合理规划了电压曲线,实现油缸平稳启动、高速运行、平稳无冲击停止的工作循环。既提高了运行速度,减少了运行周期,又不会由于冲击造成夹持砌块的脱落。为了减小液压缸(液压马达)启动和停止时的冲击,本设计中选择了二次曲线作为其运行曲线,并建立了比例阀控制液压缸模型。对码垛机运行过程进行了分析计算,找出运动曲线和比例阀控制电压(电流)之间的关系。分析了码垛机生产线的工况,确定了码垛机工作方案,并据此制定码垛机自动控制系统流程图。选择了西门子S7-200PLC作为主控制器,依据自动控制要求确定了PLC的型号、I/O端子分配等；利用STEP-Micro/WIN4.0编程软件根据不同的工作方式(手动、自动)编写程序,实现了码垛机生产线的自动控制和生产的自动化；使用仿真软件S7-200.EXE对所编写的程序进行检验、修改和调试。通过对码垛机液压及控制系统的研究,解决了现有码垛机系统存在的问题,为提高码垛效率,提高码垛机的可靠性等方面提供了有益的尝试；同时对码垛机的电气控制系统做了研究,为类似液压设备的改造、再设计和控制提供了有效途径。
[Abstract]:In the new situation of rapid economic development, the development of urbanization continues to deepen, construction and other industries for various types of brick increasing demand. In the traditional brick production. Not only has the limited resource clay been consumed greatly, but also has caused serious pollution to the environment. In the process of seeking the solution of this contradiction. The block forming machine is a kind of equipment which uses industrial waste (fly ash, slag, etc.) as raw material to form concrete according to a certain proportion of raw materials such as water, and then compacts it. After the block is formed, in order to facilitate transportation, it will be coded into the required stacking type. This requires a palletizing device to hold the block, lift it up through a lifting device, and move to a designated place to place it. Through this repetitive action to complete the block handling, palletizing and other operations. Palletizing machinery in the block production line played a great role, greatly reduced the labor intensity, improved the working environment. At the same time also conducive to improving the level of production. When the palletizing equipment carries the block to start and stop, if the acceleration is too high, the block will fall off, and if the acceleration is too small, the working cycle will be prolonged and the working efficiency will be reduced. In order to solve this problem. From the point of view of energy saving and optimization of hydraulic system, this paper has completed the following work. The electric hydraulic proportional valve is used to control the lift cylinder. By setting the electrical signal of the proportional valve, the voltage curve is reasonably planned, and the cylinder starts smoothly and runs at high speed. It not only improves the running speed, reduces the running cycle, but also does not cause the block to fall off because of the impact. In order to reduce the impact of the start and stop of the hydraulic cylinder (hydraulic motor), the quadratic curve is chosen as the running curve in this design. The model of proportional valve control hydraulic cylinder is established, and the operation process of palletizing machine is analyzed and calculated, and the relationship between the motion curve and the control voltage (current) of proportional valve is found out. The working condition of the palletizing machine production line is analyzed, the working scheme of the palletizing machine is determined, and the flow chart of the automatic control system of the palletizing machine is worked out. Siemens S7-200 PLC is selected as the main controller. According to the requirement of automatic control, the distribution of the I / O terminal of PLC is determined. The automatic control of palletizing machine production line and the automation of production are realized by using STEP-Micro/WIN4.0 programming software according to different working modes (manual and automatic). Use the simulation software S7-200. EXE to check, modify and debug the program. Through the research on the hydraulic and control system of the palletizing machine, the existing problems of the palletizing system are solved, which provides a beneficial attempt for improving the efficiency of palletizing and improving the reliability of the palletizing machine. At the same time, the electric control system of the palletizing machine is studied, which provides an effective way for the reconstruction, redesign and control of the similar hydraulic equipment.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：TH246

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