滚动轴承故障激励下振动响应分析

发布时间：2018-02-07 17:28

本文关键词： 球轴承有限元分析振动响应故障激励　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：滚动轴承是主轴系统最重要的部件之一，为了更好地检测轴承运行状态，有必要对故障引起的轴承振动响应进行分析，得到的结果可以用来训练神经网络或支持智能诊断算法，为研制更精确的轴承故障诊断方法提供依据。轴承局部故障产生的振动信号在传播时易衰减并淹没在噪音中，为了提信噪比，各种轴承诊断技术应运而生，如智能轴承技术等。为此，本文在滚动轴承振动研究的基础上，在理论上对球轴承振动模型的建立、故障激励下轴承振动响应以及故障振动信号分析进行了研究，，还具体分析轴承外圈不同位置的振动响应情况。首先，从赫兹接触和润滑理论出发，计算接触副的接触刚度、油膜刚度和润滑产生的阻尼，通过编写MATLAB程序计算它们的大小，并分析结构参数、几何参数、工况条件对它们的影响，最后，把钢球与内外滚道的接触副等效为弹簧和阻尼器，构建两种轴承振动模型：内圈固定外圈自由振动的简单轴承振动模型和考虑轴承座和轴颈影响的完备轴承振动模型。利用ABAQUS有限元软件建立了角接触轴承的三维有限元分析模型。然后利用轴承模型进行模态分析，得到轴承各种工作载荷下各阶振型和固有频率。在此基础上进行了谐响应分析，分析轴承外圈不同位置处的幅频特性；安装在轴承外圈的传感器测得的振动信号与在轴承座上测得的是不同的，因此在考虑轴承座变形的基础上，分析了轴承偏心和偏斜对振动的影响。还在理论上和利用有限元方法分别分析了高频振动波在轴承中的传播和衰减情况。最后，分析在内外圈单个局部故障一次冲击下轴承外圈不同点的高频振动响应情况，主要分析响应峰值的大小，得到在轴承径向力正下方靠近钢球与外沟道接触点处的径向振动峰值最大；分析多个故障点的一次冲击响应情况和特点。还分析连续故障冲击的振动响应，并且仿真出单个、多个故障的连续振动响应，并分析了频域图特性。利用MATLAB编写了处理振动信号的相关程序。在轴承外圈应用3个微型加速度传感器进行故障信号的测试实验，发现它们都能检测到故障，并把实验结果与理论分析进行比较。
[Abstract]:Rolling bearing is one of the most important parts of spindle system. In order to detect the bearing running state better, it is necessary to analyze the vibration response of bearing caused by fault. The results can be used to train neural network or support intelligent diagnosis algorithm. The vibration signal produced by the local fault of bearing is easily attenuated and submerged in noise when it propagates. In order to raise the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), various kinds of bearing diagnosis techniques emerge as the times require. For this reason, on the basis of the research on the vibration of rolling bearing, the vibration model of ball bearing, the vibration response of bearing under fault excitation and the analysis of fault vibration signal are studied theoretically in this paper. The vibration response of bearing outer ring at different positions is also analyzed in detail. First of all, based on Hertz contact and lubrication theory, contact stiffness, oil film stiffness and lubrication damping of contact pair are calculated. The size of contact stiffness, oil film stiffness and lubrication damping are calculated by MATLAB program, and the structural parameters and geometric parameters are analyzed. Finally, the contact pair between the ball and the inner and outer raceway is equivalent to the spring and damper. Two kinds of bearing vibration models are constructed: a simple bearing vibration model with the free vibration of the inner ring fixed outer ring and a complete bearing vibration model considering the influence of bearing seat and journal. The three-dimensional finite element analysis model of angular contact bearing is established by using ABAQUS finite element software, and then the modal analysis is carried out by using the bearing model. The vibration modes and natural frequencies of the bearing are obtained under various working loads. Based on the harmonic response analysis, the amplitude-frequency characteristics at different positions of the outer ring of the bearing are analyzed. The vibration signals measured by the sensor mounted on the outer ring of the bearing are different from those measured on the bearing seat. Therefore, considering the deformation of the bearing seat, The influence of bearing eccentricity and deflection on vibration is analyzed, and the propagation and attenuation of high frequency vibration wave in bearing are analyzed theoretically and using finite element method. Finally, the high frequency vibration response of the bearing outer ring at different points under a single local failure of the inner outer ring is analyzed, and the magnitude of the response peak value is mainly analyzed. The maximum peak value of radial vibration near the contact point between the ball and the outer channel is obtained directly below the radial force of the bearing. The single impulse response and characteristics of multiple fault points are analyzed. The vibration response of the continuous fault shock is also analyzed, and a single vibration response is simulated. The continuous vibration response of several faults is analyzed, and the characteristics of frequency domain diagram are analyzed. The program of vibration signal processing is compiled by MATLAB. Three micro accelerometers are used to test the fault signal in the outer ring of bearing. It is found that they can detect faults, and the experimental results are compared with the theoretical analysis.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH133.33

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