基于遗传算法的船用甲板起重机臂架结构优化设计

发布时间：2018-02-20 01:54

本文关键词： 船用甲板起重机优化设计 ANSYS 优化数学模型遗传算法　出处：《武汉理工大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：船用甲板起重机是一种专门在水上从事起重作业的工程船舶起重机,其应用非常广泛。近年来随着海上石油开发,需要依靠特大型的起重机来完成钻井平台的建设与安装。为了适应船舶大型化对装卸速度的迫切需要,各种起重机正向高效、大型化的方向发展。这些都导致起重机的尺寸不断增大,载荷和自身重量不断增加。臂架是船用起重机把吊重传递到回转平台的主要构件,它承受着起重机的各种外部载荷,除了自身必须满足强度、刚度和稳定性的要求,还对整机的自重、稳定性及整机性能有着重要影响。随着船用甲板起重机日趋大型化,其臂架的重量也不断的增大,耗钢量剧增。臂架结构设计的是否合理,将直接影整机的各项性能。在满足起重机臂架结构相关设计规范的条件下尽量减轻臂架的重量,具有很大经济价值和社会效益。因此对船用甲板起重机臂架结构进行合理的力学分析和优化设计是非常必要的。本文以300t船用甲板起重机设计项目为背景,运用大型通用有限元分析软件ANSYS的参数化设计语言APDL建立臂架结构专用分析程序,实现臂架结构参数化建模、静力学分析和模态分析,输出应力应变结果并提取各阶模态固有频率,绘制相应的振型图的全过程。通过分析发现原有设计的不合理之处并及时调整。以结构优化设计理论为基础,建立臂架结构的优化数学模型。确定以臂架结构质量最轻为优化目标,建立了目标函数文件,选取了臂架结构12个设计参数为优化变量,同时考虑臂架需满足的强度、刚度、稳定性和几何约束条件建立了约束方程。运用遗传算法工具箱实现臂架结构优化设计,得到各变量优化值。对最优解圆整处理,得到臂架结构各参数优化后的最终结果。代入臂架有限元分析专用程序验证优化结果的正确性。通过对船用甲板起重机臂架结构进行优化设计,可以在满足相关规范条件下使结构的重量更轻,提高结构设计的科学性,为同类产品的设计提供了提论依据,具有一定的参考价值。可以预见结合遗传算法的优化设计将越来越得到重视,在各行业的应用也会越来越多。
[Abstract]:Marine deck crane is a kind of engineering ship crane which is specially engaged in lifting work on water, and its application is very extensive. In recent years, with the development of offshore oil, In order to meet the urgent need of large ship loading and unloading speed, all kinds of cranes are highly efficient, in order to meet the urgent need of loading and unloading speed of ships, all kinds of cranes are required to complete the construction and installation of drilling platforms. These lead to the increasing size, load and weight of the crane. The boom is the main component of the crane to transfer the crane load to the rotary platform, and it bears all kinds of external loads of the crane. In addition to meeting the requirements of strength, stiffness and stability, it also has an important impact on the weight, stability and performance of the whole machine. Steel consumption has increased dramatically. Whether the design of the boom structure is reasonable or not will directly reflect the performance of the whole machine. The weight of the boom will be minimized under the condition that the relevant design specifications for the crane jib structure are met. It is of great economic value and social benefit, so it is necessary to carry out reasonable mechanical analysis and optimization design for the boom structure of marine deck crane. Based on the design project of 300t ship deck crane, this paper establishes a special analysis program for boom structure by using the parametric design language APDL of large-scale general finite element analysis software ANSYS, and realizes the parametric modeling of boom structure. Static analysis and modal analysis output stress-strain results and extract the natural frequencies of various modes. The whole process of drawing the corresponding mode diagram. By analyzing and finding out the unreasonableness of the original design and adjusting it in time, based on the theory of structural optimization design, The optimization mathematical model of the boom structure is established. The minimum mass of the boom structure is determined as the optimization objective, and the objective function file is established. Twelve design parameters of the boom structure are selected as the optimization variables, and the strength and stiffness of the boom structure are considered at the same time. The stability and geometric constraints are established, the optimal design of boom structure is realized by genetic algorithm toolbox, and the optimal values of each variable are obtained. The final results of the optimization of the parameters of the boom structure are obtained, and the correctness of the optimized results is verified by the special program for the finite element analysis of the boom. By optimizing the structure of ship deck crane jib, the weight of the structure can be lighter and the scientific design of the structure can be improved under the condition of meeting the relevant specifications, which provides the basis for the design of similar products. It can be predicted that more and more attention will be paid to the optimization design combined with genetic algorithm, and more and more applications will be made in various industries.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：TH21

【引证文献】