履带起重机关键问题的研究

发布时间：2018-02-21 23:30

本文关键词： 履带起重机整机稳定性动态稳定性接地比压双折线卷筒　出处：《东北大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目前,我国正处在履带起重机高速发展阶段,设计和制造水平均有较大提升,但是与国外相比较还存在如下一些突出的问题。整机稳定性方面：主要是研究静态稳定性,且基本都是研究正常工作工况下判定的准则,对于卸载、起升等工况研究不全面、具体；动态稳定性则主要以动载系数法来处理,没有一个比较实用的判定准则或方法。钢丝绳的绕绳、咬绳问题明显,《起重机设计规范》GB/T3811-2008中规定对流动式起重机不分工作等级卷筒与钢丝绳直径比取16,显然此规定太笼统,不符合一般性；需要从理论和现代分析方法上总结比较实用的双折线卷筒工程设计准则来有效解决钢丝绳乱绳、咬绳问题。在最大接地比压方面,没有考虑履带边缘位置接地压力的变化,引用的还是平均接地比压的方法。本课题针对以上问题,构建了整机静态下纵向作业、横向作业、斜向作业、后方装好配重、起臂、自装卸、后方未装配重和履带行走装置、后方装好配重未装上节臂工况下抗倾覆稳定性力学模型；采用极限位能法和极限位移法研究了整机动态稳定性判定准则；对某一履带起重机进行了静动态稳定性验算。双折线卷筒研究方面,研究了卷筒与钢丝绳直径比例的选取,根据美国相关产品数据拟合出卷筒与钢丝绳直径关系的3个方程作为参考根据；修正了螺旋升角计算式,给出了折线段长度的合理取值范围；分别推导了钢丝绳单层和多层缠绕下出绳偏角的计算式,利用正交试验法研究了计算式中绳槽节距等7个参数的影响程度,选择出最佳的参数组合；通过开发设计GUI界面,初步实现了双折线卷筒详细设计阶段的参数化设计；采用ANSYS对双折线卷筒进行了静力学分析,用按照压缩应力和受外压厚壁圆筒的弹塑性理论验证ANSYS分析结果并分析出离心力对卷筒应力和变形影响不大。履带接地比压方面,建立动态力学模型,考虑回转时整机重心偏移,考虑局部产生的接地比压与整体的关系,采用履带支反力分布与比压分布相似的原则得到履带边缘的动态最大接地压力表达式。
[Abstract]:At present, China is in the stage of high-speed development of crawler cranes, the level of design and manufacturing has been greatly improved, but compared with foreign countries, there are still some outstanding problems. In terms of the stability of the whole machine: it mainly studies static stability, and it is basically a criterion for judging under normal working conditions. For unloading, hoisting and other conditions, the research is not comprehensive and specific. The dynamic stability is mainly dealt with by the method of dynamic load coefficient. There is not a more practical criterion or method for determining. The problem of wire rope winding and rope biting is obvious. In the Crane Design Code (GB/T3811-2008), the ratio of drum diameter to wire rope diameter for mobile cranes, regardless of working grade, is 16, which is obviously too general. It is necessary to summarize the practical engineering design criteria of double broken wire reel in theory and modern analysis method to effectively solve the problem of wire rope tangling and rope biting. In the aspect of maximum earthing specific pressure, The variation of earthing pressure at the edge of track is not taken into account, but the method of average earthing specific pressure is used. In view of the above problems, the whole machine static longitudinal operation, horizontal operation, oblique operation, rear load, arm lifting, self-loading and unloading, rear unloaded weight and crawler walking device are constructed. The mechanical model of anti-overturning stability under the condition of unloaded upper arm is installed in the rear, the criterion of dynamic stability of the whole machine is studied by using the limit potential energy method and the limit displacement method, and the static and dynamic stability checking calculation of a crawler crane is carried out. In the research of double reel, the selection of diameter ratio between reel and wire rope is studied, three equations of the relation between reel and wire rope are fitted according to the relevant product data of the United States, and the calculation formula of spiral lifting angle is modified. The reasonable value range of the length of the broken line segment is given, the calculation formulas of the deviation angle of the wire rope under the single layer and multi-layer winding are derived, and the influence degree of seven parameters, such as the pitch of the rope slot in the formula, is studied by using the orthogonal test method. The optimal parameter combination is selected, the parametric design of the double broken line reel is preliminarily realized through the development and design of the GUI interface, and the statics analysis of the double broken line reel is carried out by using ANSYS. The elastoplastic theory of thick walled cylinder subjected to compressive stress and external pressure is used to verify the results of ANSYS analysis and the results show that the centrifugal force has little effect on the stress and deformation of the drum. As for the specific pressure of track grounding, a dynamic mechanical model is established, in which the shift of the whole machine's center of gravity is considered, and the relation between the local specific pressure and the whole is considered. Based on the principle that the distribution of reaction force of track support is similar to the distribution of specific pressure, the expression of dynamic maximum earthing pressure on the edge of track is obtained.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH213.7

【参考文献】