轴向伺服加载试验系统设计及研究

发布时间：2018-02-24 11:46

本文关键词： 伺服加载试验系统设计建模仿真多余力不变性原理试验分析　出处：《浙江大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：伺服加载系统在工程领域通常也被称为负载模拟器,是在实验室条件下合理地模拟被试件所受真实载荷的加载试验装置,其具有高响应、高精度、高功率重量比和大功率输出等优点。电液伺服加载系统是伺服加载系统的一个重要组成部分,它是对结构件进行静力性能、疲劳性能、断裂韧度等试验的关键设备,能够为结构件设计提供充分的理论依据。本课题所研制的轴向伺服加载试验系统,是为立管疲劳试验而设计的。其功能是模拟输油管道在海底所受到的轴向力作用,从而检测被试件的各种机械性能指标,将经典的自破坏全实物试验转化为在实验室条件下的预测性试验,以达到缩短研制周期、节约研制经费、提高可靠性和成功率的目的。本轴向伺服加载试验系统属于典型的被动式电液力伺服系统。在试验过程中,立管试件会同时受到正弦变化的径向加载力作用,造成的弯曲变形会导致其两端头位置发生持续的移动,对施力系统来说这是一个扰动信号。本文从整体设计出发,通过对多个加载方案的详细仿真分析和比较,确立了采用伺服阀和蓄能器联合控制的加载方式；完成了电液系统的设计计算；完成了支架结构的布局分析；完成了控制策略的优化以及控制程序编制,控制软件采用功能强大的梯形图编程软件FPWIN GR,触摸屏软件采用简捷易懂的工程常用软件EasyBuilder,数据采集、存储及实时显示软件采用方便实用的图形化编程软件Labview,它们均具有良好的可读性和实时性；最后,完成了对实际立管被试件的加载试验,验证了试验结果的可靠性。本文各章节具体内容如下：第一章,主要介绍了各种伺服加载系统的原理和特点,总结了电液伺服加载系统的发展优势和难点,介绍了目前电液伺服加载系统在国内外研究和应用现状,并在此基础之上,提出了本课题的研究意义和主要研究内容。第二章,主要介绍了轴向伺服加载系统的设计任务,结合三种不同的加载方案,进行系统建模和仿真,对比分析各方案的优缺点,综合设计出符合任务要求的整体方案,并对轴向伺服加载试验系统的主要特点进行了归纳总结。第三章,在满足加载试验系统功能的前提下,基于系统紧凑化和操作便捷化的设计理念,分别对试验用液压系统各部分进行模块化设计,并对关键元件进行选型计算。对试验系统的支架结构布局进行详细的设计和受力分析,并且充分利用ANSYS软件的优势,对关键部分进行了有限元分析和强度校核,以保证实现其对整个系统稳定可靠的支撑作用。第四章,在满足加载试验系统功能的前提下,充分利用PLC和数据采集设备各自的优势对电控系统进行设计及软、硬件配置,并对关键元器件进行选型。以轴向伺服加载试验系统为基础,建立系统的数学模型,分析多余力的产生机理,建立多余力的数学模型,采用结构不变性补偿方法优化控制策略,并通过MATLAB/Simulink建模和动态仿真验证结构不变性补偿多余力的效果。最后,按照立管疲劳试验轴向加载的要求编写系统控制程序,并对加载试验流程进行合理规划。第五章,以轴向伺服加载试验系统为平台,对立管试件进行加载试验。主要是详细分析实现液压缸有杆腔压力和活塞杆输出加载力稳定的试验方法,结合本系统的特点,对试验结果进行研究分析和验证,从而为进一步研究如何提高伺服加载系统的稳态精度提供试验支撑。第六章,对全文的工作进行总结并作了下一步的展望。
[Abstract]:Servo loading system in the field of engineering is often referred to as the load simulator, is under laboratory conditions was simulated reasonably by the test piece loading test device for real load, which has high response, high precision, high power weight ratio and high power output. The advantages of electro-hydraulic servo loading system is an important component part of the servo loading system, it is the static performance, the structure fatigue performance, the key equipment of fracture toughness test, can provide sufficient theoretical basis for structure design.
The axial servo loading test system developed in this project, which is designed for riser fatigue test. Its function is to simulate the pipeline axial force is at the bottom of the sea, which was measured a variety of mechanical performance index of the self failure test into predictive test under laboratory conditions, the classic, in order to shorten the development cycle, save development cost, improve the reliability and success rate.
The axial servo loading system is a typical passive loading system. During the test, the riser test radial load force role at the same time be sinusoidal, the bending deformation caused by the two ends position will lead to the continual movement, to force system it is a signal from the disturbance. The overall design, through analysis and comparison with the simulation of multiple loading scheme, established by the servo valve and the accumulator control loading mode; completed the design and calculation of the electro-hydraulic system; complete the analysis of the support structure layout; completed the optimization control strategy and control program, control software using the powerful function of ladder diagram programming software FPWIN GR, touch screen software used simple EasyBuilder software engineering, data acquisition, storage and display software using real convenience Using the graphical programming software Labview, both readable and good real-time performance of them; finally, the actual loading test on the riser is the specimen, verify the reliability of the test results. In this paper, the specific contents of each chapter are as follows:
The first chapter mainly introduces the principle and characteristics of various servo loading system, summarizes the advantages and difficulties of the development of the electro-hydraulic servo loading system, introduces the electro-hydraulic servo loading system in the domestic and foreign research and application situation, and on this basis, this thesis puts forward the research significance and main research contents.
The second chapter mainly introduces the design of axial servo loading system, with three different loading schemes, for system modeling and simulation, comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of each method, a comprehensive overall program designed to meet the requirements, the main characteristics and the axial servo loading system are summarized.
The third chapter, in order to meet the loading test system function, system design compact and convenient operation based respectively on the test with each part of the hydraulic system for the modular design, and the key element of the selection calculation. Support structure layout of the test system for the detailed design and stress analysis, and fully the use of the advantages of ANSYS software, the key part of the finite element analysis and strength check, in order to ensure the realization of the support function of the whole system is stable and reliable.
The fourth chapter, in order to meet the loading test system function, make full use of the advantages of PLC and data acquisition equipment of their design and soft, hardware configuration of control system, and the selection of key components. The axial servo loading system as the basis, establish the mathematical model of the system, analyses the extraneous force, mathematics to establish the model of force, using structure invariance compensation method of optimal control strategy, and through MATLAB/Simulink modeling and dynamic simulation of structure invariance compensation force effect. Finally, the system control program written according to the riser fatigue test of axial loading requirements, and reasonable planning of the loading process.
The fifth chapter, the axial servo loading system, riser specimen loading test. Is the main test method for hydraulic cylinder rod chamber pressure and piston rod output load stability analysis, combining the characteristics of the system, analysis and verification of test results, so as to provide experimental support for further study how to improve the accuracy of the servo loading system.
The sixth chapter of this thesis are summarized and the prospect of the next step.

【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH137.9

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