桥式起重机偏斜侧向力的研究

发布时间：2018-02-28 21:09

本文关键词： 桥式起重机水平偏斜侧向力啃轨集中驱动分别驱动　出处：《太原科技大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：通用桥式起重机车轮的啃轨现象是一种常见的现象。它是指起重机在运行过程中，其实际运行轨迹与假定的理想轨迹发生偏斜，二者之间产生了夹角，导致起重机的导行元件，这里通常指大车车轮的轮缘或是安装在起重机上的水平导行滚轮与起重机的运行轨道之间发生摩擦，对二者造成一定程度的磨损。这种受损常令起重机的车轮或是轨道提早报废，大大缩短了起重机的额定使用年限。根据统计可知，起重机大车车轮轮缘的寿命通常为半年到一年，而大车车轮踏面的寿命则可以达到两年到三年的时间，是轮缘寿命的2~6倍，然而由于木桶效应，起重机车轮的寿命也仅有半年至一年的时间。设想，如果可以提高车轮轮缘的使用寿命，则意味着起重机车轮的寿命将会得到提高。然而造成啃轨现象的原因就是起重机在运行过程中，，其导行元件受到了水平偏斜侧向力的作用。水平偏斜侧向力一直是起重机课题研究中待解决的问题之一，因为导致这种水平载荷的原因多种多样。本文首先从通用桥式起重机的结构设计，即跨度与基距之比（L/K），以及起重机车轮和运行轨道的加工、制造、安装等方面初步分析和总结了导致起重机歪斜运行并在水平偏斜侧向力的作用下导致啃轨现象产生的原因。其次，本文对通用桥式起重机工作时的歪斜运行情况进行具体的运动分析。分别针对集中驱动桥式起重机单个车轮在侧向力作用下的运行、分别驱动桥式起重机单个车轮在侧向力作用下的运行、起重机对角线上两车轮承受侧向力时的歪斜运行情况和起重机一侧端梁上最外端的两车轮所承受侧向力时的歪斜运行情况进行分析，从而推导出每种状况之下侧向力的计算公式。并列举计算实例，与我国《起重机设计规范》中所给的经验公式进行对比。之后，本文介绍了西德，欧洲，日本和前苏联对起重机偏斜侧向力的计算方法，并做了简要的对比分析。目前关于侧向力的计算主要分为两类，一类是西德在偏斜滑移的假说下，对侧向力进行求解，这种方法考虑到了起重机运行机构的具体特点；另一类则是利用经验公式对侧向力进行求解。最后，本文对现行起重机歪斜运行时采用的纠偏措施进行了归纳和总结。
[Abstract]:The phenomenon of common bridge crane wheel gnawing is a common phenomenon, which refers to the deflection between the actual running track and the supposed ideal track of the crane in the course of operation, which results in an angle between them, which leads to the guide element of the crane. In this case, friction usually occurs between the wheel rim of a cart wheel or a horizontal guide roller mounted on a crane and the track of the crane. This kind of damage often causes the crane's wheel or track to be scrapped early, which greatly shortens the crane's rated service life. According to the statistics, The life of the wheel rim of a crane usually ranges from half a year to a year, while the life of the wheel tread can reach two to three years, two or six times the life of the wheel rim, but due to the barrel effect, The life of the crane wheel is only six months to one year. It is envisaged that if the service life of the wheel rim can be increased, it will mean that the life of the crane wheel will be increased. However, the reason of gnawing is that the guide element of the crane is affected by the horizontal oblique lateral force, which is one of the problems to be solved in the research of the crane. There are many reasons for this horizontal load. In this paper, the structure design of the bridge crane, that is, the ratio of the span to the base distance, and the machining and manufacturing of the crane wheel and the running track are introduced in this paper. This paper analyzes and summarizes the causes of the gnawing caused by the lateral force of horizontal deflection and the skew running of the crane in the aspects of installation and so on. Secondly, this paper makes a specific motion analysis on the skew operation of the general overhead crane, aiming at the operation of the single wheel of the centralized drive axle crane under the action of lateral force. The operation of a single wheel of a drive axle crane under the action of lateral force, The skew operation of the two wheels on the diagonal line of the crane under lateral force and the outermost two wheels on the side beam of the crane are analyzed. The formulas for calculating lateral forces under each condition are derived, and an example is given to compare them with the empirical formula given in the Crane Design Code of China. After that, this paper introduces the methods of calculating the oblique lateral forces of cranes in West Germany, Europe, Japan and the former Soviet Union, and makes a brief comparative analysis. One is to solve the lateral force under the hypothesis of oblique slip in West Germany, which takes into account the specific characteristics of the crane's running mechanism, and the other is to solve the lateral force by using the empirical formula. Finally, the paper summarizes the current deviation correction measures used in the skew operation of cranes.
【学位授予单位】：太原科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH215

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