履带式挖掘机行走减速机构动力学仿真研究

发布时间：2018-03-03 04:16

本文选题：履带式挖掘机　切入点：行走减速机构　出处：《吉林大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着国民经济的快速发展,挖掘机作为开采露天矿的重要设备之一,其作用和地位越来越突出。对于大型矿用挖掘机而言,无论是回转机构、推压机构、提升机构或行走机构均利用到齿轮传动装置进行动力传递,齿轮传动机构是机械设备中应用非常广泛的部件,它的失效和损伤经常会造成传动系统或整机出现不同程度的故障,严重的会导致重大安全事故发生。因此,研究齿轮传动机构运动机理可以为避免故障的发生及提高机械传动系统性能等提供基础理论依据。行走系统是挖掘机的重要组成部分之一,本文采用的是履带式行走机构,其在作业和行驶过程中,承受挖掘机工作时的各种动态载荷。而行走减速器又是行走系统的主要组成部件之一,是动力传输的核心机构,所以,对于大型重载的矿用挖掘机,其行走减速机构更应具有高效及高可靠性的传动结构,从而可以提高整机作业的经济型,创造出更大的社会效益。本论文在阅读大量的参考文献和深入的理论学习基础上,主要工作如下： (1)阐述履带式挖掘机的国内外发展现状和趋势,并把国内外的技术研究状况进行比较。在全球机械行业高新技术水平竞争日益激烈的环境下,尽管国内挖掘机的设计研发水平与先进技术还存在一定的差距,但是我们也看到这种差距在逐步缩小,并已形成有一定国际竞争力的自主品牌。对于挖掘机行走系统的核心部件——行走减速器的发展状况和先进的设计水平进行系统的阐述。 (2)对履带式行走减速机构的结构进行分析,得出定轴齿轮传动及行星齿轮传动中相啮合轮齿的受力特点,计算出定轴传动中主、从动轮和行星齿轮传动中太阳轮、行星轮的轮齿受力。经过对定轴齿轮传动及行星齿轮传动中重合度的计算,得出相啮合轮齿的齿对特点,采用石川公式对一级定轴减速主从动轮和二级行星减速太阳轮与行星轮间的单、双齿啮合刚度进行计算,得到主从动轮和太阳轮与行星轮间的综合时变啮合刚度。 (3)基于三维设计软件UG对行走减速机构进行建模,并将其通过接口文件导入到工程应用软件ADAMS中。在不影响仿真分析结果的原则上,对已建立模型进行适当得简化,确保仿真分析能在ADAMS软件中高效顺利的进行。对行走减速机构施加约束和接触力,建立起刚性体动力学仿真模型,计算确定施加到系统输入端和输出端上的驱动转速、转矩和负载转矩。进行动力学仿真后,对行走减速机构的一级定轴减速主从齿轮间和二级行星减速太阳轮与行星轮间的啮合力进行时域和频域的分析,并对一级和二级减速中的输出转速进行对比分析。经过一级定轴减速主从齿轮间和二级行星减速太阳轮与行星轮间啮合力的理论计算结果与仿真结果对比,得出二级行星减速中第二行星排太阳轮与行星轮间的啮合力最大且振动明显。 (4)引入刚柔耦合理论,由于第二行星排太阳轮所受载荷最大,故把该太阳轮在ANSYS软件中进行柔性化,导入ADAMS分析软件进行刚柔耦合动力学分析,对其强度进行校核,把刚柔耦合分析中行星架的输出转速与刚性体分析所得该行星架的输出转速进行对比,并对第二行星排柔性体太阳轮与行星轮间的啮合力进行时域和频域的分析及与刚性体仿真结果进行对比。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the national economy, as one of the important equipment in mining excavator in open-pit mine, its role and status is more and more serious. For the large mining excavator, both the slewing mechanism, pushing mechanism, lifting mechanism and the walking mechanism are used to gear transmission device for power transmission gear is widely used parts of the mechanical equipment, its failure and damage often caused by the transmission system or the failure of different degree, serious can lead to the occurrence of major accidents. Therefore, the motion of gear transmission mechanism can provide theoretical basis for avoiding the occurrence and improve the performance of mechanical transmission system fault.
Walking system is an important part of the excavator, this paper is a crawler type walking mechanism, the driving in the operation and process under dynamic loads. When the excavator and walking speed reducer is one of the main parts of the walking system, is the core of power transmission mechanism, so for large mining excavator the heavy, the walking reducer should have high performance and high reliability of the transmission structure, which can improve the economy of the machine operation, to create greater social benefits.
On the basis of reading a large number of references and in-depth theoretical study, the main work of this paper is as follows:
(1) describes the current status of Crawler excavators at home and abroad and the trend, and compare technology research status at home and abroad. In the high-tech level of global machinery industry in an increasingly competitive environment, although there is still a gap between the domestic excavator design level and advanced technology, but we also see the gap gradually narrow, and has formed a certain international competitiveness of the brand. The development status of the reducer and the advanced design level is introduced for core - excavator walking components system.
(2) the crawler walking speed reducer structure analysis, the fixed axis gear and planetary gear transmission gear meshing force characteristics, calculated in the main drive shaft, a driven wheel and a planetary gear drive sun gear, planetary gear tooth stress. Through calculating the coincidence degree of the set the shaft gear and the planetary gear drive, the meshing gear teeth on the characteristics, using the Ishikawa formula to a fixed axis gear driven pulley and two reduction planetary sun gear and planetary gear between single and double teeth meshing stiffness calculation, get the driven pulley and sun gear and planetary integration varying meshing stiffness.
(3) the 3D design software UG to walk gear modeling based on, and through the interface file into the engineering application software ADAMS. In the simulation analysis of the impact of the principle, the established models were appropriately simplified, ensure the simulation analysis in ADAMS software can be implemented smoothly and efficiently. The walking speed reducer the constraint mechanism and contact force, establish the rigid body dynamics simulation model, calculate and determine the drive speed system is applied to the input and output of the torque and load torque. The dynamic simulation, analysis of the mechanism of a walking speed reducer fixed axis gear reducer master-slave and two stage planetary sun gear and planetary gear the meshing force of time and frequency, and the output speed reducer in grade one and grade two were analyzed. After a fixed axis gear reducer master-slave and two stage planetary gear sun wheel Compared with the theoretical calculation results of meshing force between the planetary gear and the simulation results, it is concluded that the meshing force between the second planetary planetary gear and the planetary gear is the largest and the vibration is obvious in the two stage planetary deceleration.
(4) the introduction of the theory of rigid flexible coupling, the second planet row sun gear load maximum, so the sun wheel is flexible in ANSYS software, import the ADAMS software to analyze the rigid flexible coupling dynamics, check its strength, the coupled analysis of the output speed and rigid body in the planetary frame analysis output speed the planet carrier income were compared, and the second flexible planetary sun gear and planetary gear meshing force between time domain and frequency domain analysis and the simulation results are compared with the rigid body.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：TD422.2;TH112

【引证文献】