基于虚拟样机技术的叉车工作装置的建模与动力学研究

发布时间：2018-03-05 08:16

本文选题：叉车　切入点：工作装置　出处：《福州大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：叉车作为一种广泛应用的工程机械,其作业环境较为多变,外部载荷变化频繁,液压系统压力变化范围较大,工作装置的受力也较为复杂。操作人员仅凭经验操作叉车时易造成较大的功率损失,加大燃油消耗,同时减少工作装置液压零部件的使用寿命,因此对其工作装置的性能要求越来越高。目前对叉车工作装置的研究以及相关参考文献较少,部分研究仅单独考虑某个部件,没有考虑到机械系统和液压系统的相互耦合作用。因此,本文紧密结合平衡重式叉车的机械机构和液压系统原理,以某国产平衡重式叉车为对象进行研究。从整机系统的角度进行分析,建立液压系统和工作装置机械系统的机、液耦合动力学模型,对工作机构耦合状态下的动力学性能进行了深入的研究。主要研究内容如下：1)综述了进行叉车工作装置研究的背景和意义,介绍了叉车工作装置国内外研究现状和发展趋势,简述叉车工作装置机械机构的组成特点及液压系统动态特性。对叉车作业过程中的动作和受力情况进行分析。简述叉车工作装置液压系统及其动态性能理论,并对叉车作业循环过程中系统效率情况进行讨论,从总体上对叉车工作装置的工作过程和工作特性做研究。2)对叉车工作装置液压系统的主要元件进行原理分析和参数确定,建立了叉车现行工作装置机械机构与液压系统的AMESim仿真模型。针对叉车的典型作业循环过程进行了仿真计算,得到叉车作业过程中流量、压力等参数的变化情况。通过实际的仿真结果表明建立机、液耦合系统的动力学模型才能更准确的反应叉车工作机构的性能。3)利用ADAMS软件建立叉车机液耦合系统的动力学模型,对各个特性参数和相关运动关系及约束进行详细的阐述和设定,并较为准确地描述驱动件的运动规律。对叉车进行运动学和动力学仿真,确定叉车液压缸在运动过程中的受力情况,并适当进行优化改进。运动仿真结果表明,该模型的动力学仿真基本符合总体运动规律,运动过程中无干涉现象,液压缸受力趋于平稳,可以较为准确的反应叉车工作机构的性能,能够改善叉车装卸运动过程中的平顺性。
[Abstract]:As a kind of widely used construction machinery, forklift truck has a changeable working environment, frequent external load changes, and a large range of hydraulic pressure changes. The force of the working device is also more complicated. When the operator operates the forklift only by experience, it is easy to cause large power loss, increase fuel consumption, and reduce the service life of the hydraulic parts of the working device. Therefore, the performance requirements of the forklift working device are becoming more and more high. At present, there are few researches on the forklift working device and related references. The coupling of mechanical system and hydraulic system is not taken into account. Therefore, the principle of mechanical mechanism and hydraulic system of balanced forklift truck is closely combined in this paper. Taking a domestic balanced forklift truck as an object of study, from the point of view of the whole machine system, the mechanical and hydraulic coupling dynamics model of hydraulic system and working device mechanical system is established. In this paper, the dynamic performance of forklift working mechanism in coupling state is deeply studied. The main research contents are as follows: 1) the background and significance of forklift working device research are summarized, and the present research situation and development trend of forklift working device at home and abroad are introduced. This paper briefly describes the composition and dynamic characteristics of the mechanical mechanism of the forklift working device and the dynamic characteristics of the hydraulic system, analyzes the action and the force situation during the operation of the forklift truck, and briefly describes the hydraulic system of the forklift working device and its dynamic performance theory. The paper also discusses the efficiency of the system during the operation cycle of the forklift truck, and studies the working process and working characteristics of the working device of the forklift truck as a whole. 2) the principle analysis and parameter determination of the main components of the hydraulic system of the working device of the forklift truck are carried out. The AMESim simulation model of mechanical mechanism and hydraulic system of forklift is established, and the flow rate of forklift during operation is obtained by simulating and calculating the typical operation cycle process of forklift. The actual simulation results show that the dynamic model of the hydraulic coupling system can more accurately reflect the performance of the working mechanism of the forklift truck. 3) the dynamic model of the hydraulic coupling system of the forklift truck is established by using ADAMS software. Each characteristic parameter and related motion relation and constraint are described and set up in detail, and the motion law of the driving part is described more accurately. The kinematics and dynamics simulation of forklift truck is carried out. The dynamic simulation results show that the dynamic simulation of the model basically accords with the general motion law, and there is no interference phenomenon in the motion process. The stress of hydraulic cylinder tends to be stable, which can accurately reflect the performance of the forklift working mechanism and improve the ride comfort during the loading and unloading of the forklift.
【学位授予单位】：福州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TH242

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