离心压缩机稳定性评价与失稳故障诊断研究

发布时间：2018-03-09 08:10

本文选题：离心压缩机　切入点：转子稳定性　出处：《北京化工大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着离心压缩机的压力、功率及转速的升高，，转子稳定性问题变得越来越突出，压缩机失稳案例时有发生，而且失稳故障一旦出现，往往都会给离心压缩机用户带来严重的经济损失。因此，如何在设计及工厂试车过程中识别工作状态下转子的稳定性，如何在机组运行过程中诊断出失稳故障成为了工业企业界亟待解决的问题。本文通过研究转子系统的阻尼识别方法来实现对离心压缩机的稳定性评价。同时，结合失稳故障特征开发设计了一套低频振动识别与失稳诊断系统来识别潜在的失稳故障。本文的主要工作有： 1、在基于正弦扫频激励响应的半功率点法的基础上，利用主动电磁轴承施加两个正交的同步正弦力，构造了与转速同向的旋转扫频力，形成了一个正进动扫频旋转激励，实现了基于正进动扫频旋转激励响应的半功率点法来识别转子系统的一阶正进动阻尼，并通过理论、仿真、实验验证了该方法的可行性和正确性； 2、从理论建模、数值仿真以及实验研究的角度出发，研究了基于BAR模型的转子系统阻尼识别方法，通过奇异值分解和Z域单位圆的方法来区别真实模态和噪声模态，引入去噪阈值来进一步降低噪声对实验结果的影响，基本上完整地确立了该方法的理论和实验体系，为进一步研究应用该方法奠定了良好的基础； 3、对失稳故障诊断方法进行了研究，最终形成了以振动特征诊断为主、Fulton失稳诊断为辅的失稳故障诊断方法，两者相互补充，提高了失稳诊断的可靠性； 4、根据实际需要，完成了低频振动识别与失稳诊断系统的开发，在多次工程实际应用中验证了该系统的稳定性、可靠性和实用性，说明了该系统完全适用于工业现场以及实验环境下的多种灵活多变的数据采集任务，同时以某失稳的合成气压缩机验证了失稳诊断功能。
[Abstract]:With the increase of pressure, power and speed of centrifugal compressor, the problem of rotor stability becomes more and more prominent. It often brings serious economic losses to centrifugal compressor users. Therefore, how to identify the rotor stability during the design and operation of the plant, How to diagnose the unstable fault during the operation of the unit has become an urgent problem to be solved in the industrial circles. In this paper, the damping identification method of the rotor system is studied to evaluate the stability of the centrifugal compressor. A set of low frequency vibration identification and instability diagnosis system is designed to identify the potential instability fault. The main work of this paper is as follows:. 1. On the basis of half-power point method based on the response of sinusoidal sweep frequency excitation, two orthogonal synchronous sinusoidal forces are applied to the active magnetic bearing, and a rotating frequency sweep force with the same direction as the rotational speed is constructed, and a positive precession sweep frequency rotating excitation is formed. The half-power point method based on forward precession sweep rotation excitation response is realized to identify the first-order positive precession damping of the rotor system. The feasibility and correctness of the method are verified by theory and simulation. 2. From the point of view of theoretical modeling, numerical simulation and experimental research, the damping identification method of rotor system based on BAR model is studied. The real mode and noise mode are distinguished by singular value decomposition and unit circle in Z domain. In order to reduce the effect of noise on the experimental results, the theoretical and experimental system of the method is established completely, which lays a good foundation for further research and application of the method. 3. The method of instability fault diagnosis is studied, and finally a fault diagnosis method, which is supplemented by Fulton instability diagnosis based on vibration characteristic diagnosis, is formed. The two methods complement each other and improve the reliability of instability diagnosis. 4. According to the actual needs, the low frequency vibration identification and instability diagnosis system has been developed, and the stability, reliability and practicability of the system have been verified in many practical engineering applications. It is shown that the system is fully applicable to various flexible and changeable data acquisition tasks in the industrial field and the experimental environment. At the same time, the function of instability diagnosis is verified by a certain unstable syngas compressor.
【学位授予单位】：北京化工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH452

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