桥式起重机金属结构的轻量化设计研究

发布时间：2018-03-12 20:43

本文选题：模态分析　切入点：静态分析　出处：《南京理工大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文基于现代设计方法中的有限单元法和结构优化设计方法,以某50t-31.5m桥式起重机为研究对象,完成了多种工况下材料分别为Q235和Q345的桥式起重机桥架的轻量化设计研究。首先介绍了起重机的研究现状和CAE技术的在起重机行业的应用现状,深入研究了有限元法的理论基础及有限元分析软件HyperWorks。在第三章详细描述了此桥式起重机的金属结构并建立其几何模型,此外,运用前处理软件HyperMesh建立了起重机桥架的有限元模型,对有限元建模过程进行了详细阐述。在第四章分别对桥架的整个有限元模型和半个有限元模型进行了模态分析和静态分析,分析计算结果表明此桥式起重机桥架的结构性能的安全系数过大还存在很大的优化空间,因此有必要对其进行结构轻量化设计。在第五章为了验证有限元模型及其计算结果的准确性,采用解析法对桥式起重机的主梁进行静力学理论计算,其结果与有限元计算结果相当吻合,确保了有限元计算结果的可信度。本文在第六章深入研究了各种结构优化设计方法和流程,及Optistruct中的结构优化方法,并分别对材料为Q235和Q345的桥式起重机桥架结构进行多种工况下的形状优化、尺寸优化、拓扑优化以及综合优化,此外,还对主梁进行了板厚变截面优化设计和鱼腹梁变截面优化设计。首先建立桥架结构的优化设计数学模型,各个优化设计的优化模型虽有所区别,但最终目标都是减少起重机桥架的自重,实现轻量化设计的目的。通过本文的研究表明采用结构优化方法进行桥架设计可以在满足起重机强度刚度的设计要求下实现结构轻量化设计,效果显著。将材料分别为Q235和Q345的桥架的优化结果进行对比,发现只提高材料的强度,桥式起重机的结构综合性能没有明显改进,必须同时提高材料的强度和刚度,才能得到更大的优化空间,使结构优化更有意义。论文研究提高了起重机主梁结构的设计水平,使得起重机箱形梁结构设计更加合理,对起重机桥架的结构设计具有一定的指导意义和参考价值。
[Abstract]:Based on the finite element method and structural optimization design method in modern design method, this paper takes a 50t-31.5m bridge crane as the research object, and completes the lightweight design of bridge crane with Q235 and Q345 materials under various working conditions. Firstly, the research status of crane and the application of CAE technology in crane industry are introduced. The theoretical basis of finite element method and finite element analysis software HyperWorks.In the third chapter, the metal structure of the bridge crane is described in detail and its geometric model is established. The finite element model of crane bridge is established by using pre-processing software HyperMesh, and the process of finite element modeling is described in detail. In chapter 4th, modal analysis and static analysis of the whole finite element model and half finite element model of bridge frame are carried out, respectively. The results of analysis and calculation show that there is still a large space for optimization of the safety factor of the bridge frame of the bridge crane. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out structural lightweight design. In Chapter 5th, in order to verify the accuracy of the finite element model and its calculation results, an analytical method is used to calculate the static theory of the main girder of a bridge crane. The results are in good agreement with the results of finite element calculation, which ensures the reliability of the results. In Chapter 6th, various structural optimization methods and processes, and structural optimization methods in Optistruct are studied, and the shape and size optimization of bridge crane bridge structure with Q235 and Q345 are carried out under various working conditions, respectively. In addition, the optimization design of the main beam with variable section thickness and the variable section of the fish-web beam is carried out. Firstly, the mathematical model of the optimal design of the bridge frame structure is established, and the optimization models of each optimization design are different. But the ultimate goal is to reduce the weight of the crane's bridge, The aim of lightweight design is realized. The research in this paper shows that the structure lightweight design can be realized by adopting the structural optimization method to design the bridge under the requirements of the crane strength and stiffness. The results show that the strength of the bridge crane can only be increased, and the comprehensive performance of the bridge crane structure is not improved obviously, so the strength and stiffness of the bridge crane must be improved simultaneously, and the optimization results of the bridge frame with the material Q235 and Q345 are compared, and it is found that the strength of the bridge crane can only be improved. Only then can we get more optimization space and make the structure optimization more meaningful. In this paper, the design level of crane main girder structure is improved, and the design of crane box girder structure is more reasonable, which has certain guiding significance and reference value for crane bridge frame structure design.
【学位授予单位】：南京理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH215

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