离心泵汽蚀磨损失效分析对策措施研究

发布时间：2018-03-14 20:02

本文选题：离心泵　切入点：汽蚀　出处：《华南理工大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：汽蚀现象是离心泵运行中常见的损害,汽蚀对泵的安全、经济的运行均有破坏性作用。因为吸上管路或管道设计和实际工况中泵的运行状态有差别,再加上大气压、温度、介质气化压力的变化常常加剧汽蚀的严重性,从而导致水泵的性能大大降低,流量减小,压力损失加大,能耗增加,同时叶轮及叶片的使用寿命也大大降低,严重影响了泵站效益。对于投入运行的泵,很难做到完全克服泵自身汽蚀性能引起汽蚀,可以利用科学有效的方法减少汽蚀对泵运行状态的影响。叶片泵在实际应用中并不一定运转在设计工况,甚至根本就不运转在设计工况,而故障和可靠性的问题却常发生在非设计工况。无论在设计或使用方面,目前对汽蚀问题的认识还是远远不够的,尚需在研究过程中不断深化和发展,因此,要彻底解决这一问题还有很大的距离。本文就离心泵的汽蚀问题,以目前的研究动态结合自来水生产实践的情况进行论述。着重研究自来水生产工艺中取水泵站、送水泵站和加压泵站的离心泵故障原因分析和对策措施。离心泵实际运行中,造成故障的原因通常不是唯一的,而是综合了各方面的因素影响,这就需要综合应用各科理论对故障进行全面分析,特别是结合具体的水质情况具体分析,找到最关键的解决问题的方法和对策。通过研究离心泵汽蚀磨损产生的原因,并结合自来水生产的实际需要,从优化调度、节约能源、提高效率、降低检修率和安全生产等方面展开,从使用者的角度提出切实可行的预防措施和改进方法。在生产实践基础上针对离心泵各类故障的原因从偏离设计工况范围运行、吸上条件、水质、叶轮材质等方面进行分析,通过取样实验、泵站运行数据分析,寻求理论上的依据和解决措施,以选择最优处理方式,探讨经济可行的对策措施。
[Abstract]:Cavitation is a common damage in the operation of centrifugal pump. Cavitation has a destructive effect on the safety and economical operation of the pump, because the design of suction pipeline or pipeline is different from the operating state of the pump in actual working conditions, plus atmospheric pressure and temperature. The variation of the pressure of medium gasification often intensifies the severity of cavitation, which results in the performance of the pump greatly reduced, the flow rate reduced, the pressure loss increased, the energy consumption increased, and the service life of the impeller and blade greatly reduced. It is difficult to completely overcome the cavitation caused by the cavitation performance of the pump itself, and the scientific and effective method can be used to reduce the influence of cavitation on the operating state of the pump. In practical application, the vane pump does not necessarily run in the design condition, or even does not run in the design condition at all, but the problems of fault and reliability often occur in the off-design condition. At present, the understanding of cavitation problem is far from enough, and it still needs to be deepened and developed in the course of research. Therefore, there is still a long way to go to solve this problem thoroughly. In this paper, the cavitation problem of centrifugal pump is discussed in the light of the current research trends combined with the practice of tap water production, and the water pumping station in tap water production process is emphatically studied. Cause analysis and countermeasures of centrifugal pump failure in feed pump station and pressurized pump station. In actual operation of centrifugal pump, the cause of failure is usually not the only one, but the influence of various factors. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively apply the theories of various disciplines to the comprehensive analysis of the faults, especially to find out the most critical methods and countermeasures for solving the problems by combining the concrete analysis of the water quality. Through the study of the causes of cavitation wear of centrifugal pumps, the causes of cavitation wear and tear of centrifugal pumps are studied. Combined with the actual needs of tap water production, from the aspects of optimizing scheduling, saving energy, improving efficiency, reducing overhaul rate and safety production, etc. Practical preventive measures and improvement methods are put forward from the point of view of users. On the basis of production practice, the causes of various failures of centrifugal pumps are analyzed from the aspects of deviating from the design operating conditions, suction conditions, water quality, impeller material, etc. Through sampling experiment and operation data analysis of pumping station, the theoretical basis and solving measures are sought, in order to select the optimal treatment mode and to discuss the economic and feasible countermeasures.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：TH311

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