基于声发射技术的起重机低速重载回转机构故障检测

发布时间：2018-03-19 06:09

本文选题：回转机构　切入点：起重机　出处：《河北科技大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：回转机构是连接起重机底座与上部可动件的关键部件，起重机回转机构是起重机的重要组成部分。起重机械回转机构的连接螺栓、滚道与滚动体、齿圈等容易出现故障，，严重影响了起重机的工作，甚至发生事故，引起人员伤亡。回转机构检测技术的研究对国民经济和保障工作人员的安全具有很大的意义。本文应用声发射技术对起重机的回转机构进行检测，搭建了回转机构检测系统并做了大量的实验研究。搭建了起重机回转机检测系统，整个回转机构检测系统由起重机模型，声发射传感器，前置放大器，采集卡，计算机和信号处理软件构成，该系统可模拟起重机各种工况下无缺陷及常见几种缺陷状态运行。另外，对前置放大器和滤波电路进行设计与仿真。利用实验平台，在各种工况（不同载荷、不同转速及不同转向）下，分别对无缺陷回转机构及具有滚柱缺陷、内圈滚道缺陷、外圈滚道缺陷的回转机构进行声发射检测，采集了大量实验数据，利用参数分析方法和波形分析方法对数据进行分析，获得了缺陷信号的特征。对武汉、上海等地的工程现场多台起重机进行声发射检测，采集大量实际数据，并利用实验平台的研究方法和结果对其进行分析，给出各起重机运行状态的检测结论。
[Abstract]:The rotary mechanism is the key part of connecting the base of the crane with the upper movable parts, and the rotary mechanism of the crane is an important part of the crane. The connecting bolt, the raceway and the rolling body and the gear ring of the rotary mechanism of the crane are prone to malfunction. Has seriously affected the work of the crane, and even occurred an accident, It is of great significance to the national economy and to ensure the safety of staff. The acoustic emission technology is used to detect the rotary mechanism of crane. The detection system of rotary mechanism is built and a lot of experimental research is done. The system is composed of crane model, acoustic emission sensor, preamplifier, acquisition card, computer and signal processing software. The system can simulate the operation of crane under various working conditions without defects and some common defect states. In addition, the design and simulation of preamplifier and filter circuit are carried out. Using the experimental platform, under various working conditions (different loads, different speeds and different steering), the non-defect rotary mechanism and the rotary mechanism with roller defect, inner ring raceway defect and outer ring raceway defect were detected by acoustic emission, respectively. A large number of experimental data were collected, and the characteristics of the defect signals were obtained by using the parameter analysis method and the waveform analysis method. Acoustic emission (AE) detection was carried out on many cranes in Wuhan, Shanghai and other places. A lot of actual data were collected, and the test results were analyzed by using the research methods and results of the experimental platform, and the test results of each crane's running state were given.
【学位授予单位】：河北科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TH21;TH165.3

【参考文献】