位移响应重构与机械装置误差处理方法的研究

发布时间：2018-03-22 12:46

本文选题：位移响应重构　切入点：离散奇异卷积法　出处：《中国科学技术大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在工程研究分析中,为了对结构进行健康监测(Structural health monitoring, SHM)和结构控制(Structural Control, SC),需要频繁的测量结构的动态响应。在结构的动态响应中,动态位移可能包含有很多与结构行为相关的重要信息,而这些信息可以用来对工程结构进行健康监测和结构控制。在结构健康监测中,当一个建筑物经历了较为严重的地震后,我们需要根据结构的位移信息来判断该建筑受到结构损伤的可能性；同样地,对于结构控制来说,为了辨识系统的状态我们需要知道结构的实时或者近实时位移信息。传统的接触式传感器在测量结构的位移时需要固定的参考点。但是,对于大型结构来说,参考点的选取非常困难,而且所选参考点在地震过程中是变化的。因此,在这种情境中运用传统的接触式传感器直接进行位移测量几乎是不可能的。相比于位移,加速度的测量比较方便。在进行加速度测量时并不需要选取参考点,而且在市面上有很多可用于测量较宽动态频率的加速度装置。从这个角度上来说,相比于对工程结构进行直接的位移测量,利用测得的结构加速度来重构系统的位移,似乎是一个很好获取结构动态响应的方法。文中基于离散奇异卷积法对位移响应重构进行研究,包括精确控制方程和传递函数的导出、基于逆问题控制方程和传递函数的导出、精确传递函数以及基于逆问题控制方程的传递函数基本特性以及基于离散奇异卷积的位移响应重构方法。在基于离散奇异卷积的位移响应重构方法研究中,着重分析了滤波器窗口尺寸的选取以及不同滤波器尺寸下基于离散奇异卷积的有限脉冲响应滤波器的特性。最后,对提出的位移重构方法进行仿真验证和实验验证。仿真与实验结果表明,基于离散奇异卷积的位移响应重构方法能够有效的利用加速度数据重构位移,且对噪声具有较强的抑制能力。加工过程中产生的加工误差以及装配过程中产生的装配误差都会对工程中机械装置的机械性能产生影响,甚至会对机械装置产生毁灭性的损伤。因此,我们需要分析研究工程中机械装置在加工及装配过程中产生的误差,以最大限度的降低这些误差对工程中机械装置机械性能的影响。针对工程中由于加工误差及装配误差可能产生的共振,提出了在机械产品设计阶段或者结构重设计阶段,充分考虑加工误差及安装误差对机械产品性能影响的设计思想,使最终成型的机械产品具有较强的鲁棒性,并运用该方法对叉车方向盘结构进行优化,达到了抑制叉车方向盘怠速振动的目的；针对具有相同部件的平面连杆机构,提出了基于最小输出位移方差和的寻找杆件最优组合的方法,以最大限度的降低杆件加工误差对连杆机构输出的影响,提高产品的性能,并将该方法成功运用于八连杆机械压力机最优杆组的确定问题中,求解出了最优的八连杆杆组组合。
[Abstract]:In the engineering research and analysis, in order to structure health monitoring (Structural health monitoring SHM (Structural) and the structure of control Control, SC), dynamic measurement structure of frequent response. In the structural dynamic response, dynamic displacement may contain a lot of important information related to the behavior of the structure, and this information can be used to health monitoring and structure control of engineering structure. In structural health monitoring, when a building has experienced a serious earthquake, we need according to the displacement information structure to determine the building by the possibility of structural damage; similarly, the structure of control, in order to identify the state of the system we need to know the structure of the real time or near real-time displacement information. Conventional contact sensors need a fixed reference point in structural displacement measurement. However, for large structure The selection of reference points is very difficult, and the selected reference points are changing during the earthquake. Therefore, it is almost impossible to use traditional contact sensors to directly measure displacement in such a situation.
Compared to the displacement, the acceleration measurement is more convenient. The acceleration measurement does not need to select the reference point, and there are many acceleration apparatus can be used to measure a wide dynamic frequency in the market. From this point of view, compared to the engineering structure of direct displacement measurement, the measured displacement by the acceleration of the structure to the reconstruction of the system, seems to be a good method to obtain the dynamic response of structures.
The displacement response reconstruction is researched based on the discrete singular convolution method in this paper, including the control equation and transfer function is derived, the control equation and the transfer function of the inverse problem is derived based on the exact transfer function and transfer control equation of the inverse problem of the basic characteristics of function and response based on the discrete singular convolution reconstruction method based on displacement based on displacement. The response of the discrete singular convolution reconstruction method research, focuses on the analysis of the finite impulse response filter characteristics the discrete singular convolution based on the selected filter window size and different size of the filter. Finally, simulation and experimental verification of displacement reconstruction method is proposed. Simulation and experimental results show that the displacement response of the discrete singular convolution reconstruction method to effectively use the displacement acceleration data reconstruction based on, and has strong resistance to noise.
The assembling error of machining error produced during processing and assembly process will have an impact on the mechanical properties of engineering machinery, and even produce devastating damage to the mechanical device. Therefore, we need to analyze the error of mechanical engineering research device in the processing and assembly process, in order to reduce the maximum the impact of these errors on the engineering mechanical device performance.
According to the project due to resonance processing error and assembling error may arise, put forward in the mechanical product design stage or structure design stage, to fully consider the impact of design processing error and installation error of the mechanical properties of the product, the final molding machinery products with strong robustness, and the use of forklift steering wheel structure the optimization method, can suppress the vibration of the steering wheel speed; for planar linkage with the same components, propose a method to find the optimal combination of rod displacement based on the minimum output variance and, to reduce the effect of machining error bars on the linkage output, improve product performance, and this method was successfully applied to the eight link mechanical press rod group to determine the optimal solution, the eight connecting rod group optimal combination.

【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TH161

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