设计流水线的建模、平衡及调度研究

发布时间：2018-03-24 14:27

本文选题：设计流水线　切入点：产品研发　出处：《上海交通大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：随着全球环境和技术的快速发展，产品研发能力越来越成为企业发展的关键。目前，我国产品研发面临效率低下和成本过高的问题，无法满足产销能力、产品需求和国际技术水平高速发展的迫切需要。设计流水线正是为解决这一问题而提出的制造业产品研发管理方法。设计流水线借鉴了生产流水线的管理模式，充分发挥流水线标准化、通用化、高效率的优势，同时结合了产品研发过程复杂性（包括设计任务复杂性及其关系的复杂性）、不确定性（可变性和不精确性）、以及模糊性（信息不充分和唯一性）的特点，通过稳定“节拍”的设计任务以及均衡的任务流，有效、快速的进行产品设计。围绕着流水线设计的两个关键科学问题：技术设计和组织设计，以典型汽车产品设计为研究对象，结合复杂网络、模糊理论、智能算法等理论方法来实现设计流水线的建模、分析、平衡和优化调度，并建立了设计流水线的原型系统。全文从以下几个方面展开研究：（1）类比分析了企业当前设计环境与生产流水线的产生环境，总结了流水线相关技术方法的研究进展，归纳了设计流水线的主要特点及其科学问题，阐述了本文的主要内容和创新点。（2）在分析与制造过程异同点的基础上，提出了设计流水线的概念模型和定义。对于设计流水线中的关键对象，提出了基于网络（语义网络和复杂网络）的流水线建模方法，通过语义网络建立流水线中的关键对象信息模型和语义关系模型，通过单值和双模式网络模型以及双模式-单模式映射网络建立关系对象的数值信息模型。结合设计过程的特征，提出了设计流水线的构建过程和理论方法。（3）通过组合或分解设计任务、识别设计过程要素来实现流水线的技术设计。提出了设计任务的层次模型及基于知识单元的分解/组合方法，作为设计过程要素识别的基础，解决了设计过程唯一性与流水线批量使用冲突的问题，保证了设计流水线的通用性。构造设计过程的网络模型，应用复杂网络模体方法进行设计过程要素交互模式识别；基于复杂网络拓扑特性，定义了设计过程要素模式评价指标对任务分解的性能进行评估；并基于评价指标提出设计过程要素的优化方法。（4）对于流水线的组织设计，提出了基于模糊理论与改进遗传算法的设计流水线平衡问题求解算法。提出了模糊设计结构矩阵的方法来解决设计的不确定性、迭代性的问题，其中采用模糊数表达设计活动的持续时间估计；建立了基于模糊数的长周期设计流水线平衡问题数学模型，，并提出了基于改进交叉算子的高效遗传算法进行求解。（5）对于流水线的实际应用，提出了基于多技能等级、多模式的设计资源优化调度方法。针对设计流水线的关键对象——人具有多技能与主动性等特点，提出了基于双模式网络及社会网络的资源能力计算方法，通过双模式向单模式网络的映射获取人员多能力等级，社会网络则考虑了人员从他人获取自己未知知识的能力。最后，基于资源冲突、多项目并行等约束，建立了流水线使用中的资源优化调度模型，并通过二维粒子群算法实现问题求解。最后，基于以上所提出的理论方法，围绕某汽车公司研发需求，开发了一个基于B/S与C/S模式结合的原型系统，实现设计流水线的管理理念，并在该公司车身研发项目中得到了实施和应用，进而检验了所提出的设计流水线理论方法的可行性和实用性。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the global environment and technology, product development has increasingly become the key to the development of enterprises. At present, China is facing the low efficiency of product development and the problem of high cost, can not meet the urgent need of the production capacity, product demand and international technical level of high-speed development. Design of pipeline is R & D management method proposed for manufacturing to solve this problem.
Design of pipeline from the production line management mode, give full play to line standardization, universalization and the advantages of high efficiency, combined with the complexity of the product development process (including the design complexity of task complexity and their relationship), uncertainty (variability and imprecision), and fuzzy (insufficient information and unique features) through the design task, stable and balanced "beat" task flow, effective, rapid product design. Around two key scientific problems in pipeline design: technical design and organizational design, with a typical automotive product design as the research object, based on the complex network, fuzzy theory, intelligent algorithms and theoretical methods to realize modeling design, pipeline analysis, balance and optimal scheduling, and designed a prototype system design of pipeline. This thesis launches the research from the following aspects:
(1) the environment of the design environment and production line is analyzed by analogy. The research progress of pipeline related technology is summarized, the main characteristics and scientific problems of the design pipeline are summarized, and the main contents and innovations of this paper are expounded.
(2) based on the analysis of process and on the similarities and differences, put forward the concept model and the definition of design of pipeline. For key objects in the pipeline design, based on network (semantic network and complex network) line modeling method, through semantic network establishment flow object information model and semantic relation model in line the numerical model is established, the information between objects by single valued and dual mode network model and two modes - single mode mapping network. Combined with the characteristics of the design process, proposed the construction process and method design of the pipeline.
(3) the design task through the combination or separation, identification of design elements to realize the design of pipeline technology was put forward. The hierarchical model of design task and decomposition / combination method based on knowledge units, as the basic design process to identify elements, solve the design process and assembly line using only the conflict, to ensure the universality the design of the pipeline network. The model structure design process, the application of complex network model method to design elements of interactive pattern recognition; topological properties of complex networks based on the definition of the design process elements model evaluation index to assess the performance of task decomposition; and put forward the optimization method of design elements based on the evaluation.
(4) for the pipeline organization design, put forward the algorithm design of assembly line balancing problem with fuzzy theory based on improved genetic algorithm is proposed. The method of fuzzy design structure matrix to solve the uncertainty of design, iterative problem, which uses fuzzy numbers to express the duration of design activity estimation; set up fuzzy number length the design cycle of assembly line balancing problem based on the mathematical model, and put forward the efficient solution of improved genetic algorithm based on crossover operator.
(5) for the practical application of the pipeline, put forward the skill level based on the design of resource optimization scheduling method of multi model. Aiming at the key of object design pipeline has the characteristics of multi skill and initiative, puts forward the calculation method of dual mode network and social network resources based on multi level access to personnel through mapping double mode to single mode network, social network is considered the ability of personnel to obtain their own unknown knowledge from others. Finally, based on the resource conflict, multi project parallel constraints, establishes a resource scheduling model is used in the pipeline, and the problem can be solved by 2D particle swarm algorithm.
Finally, based on the above theory, around the automobile company's research and development needs, developed a prototype system based on the combination of B/S and C/S model, design and implementation of pipeline management philosophy, and has been implemented and applied in the project of research and development of the company in the body, and then test the feasibility and practicality of the design theory and method of pipeline the proposed.

【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TH186

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