塔式起重机三维沉浸虚拟仿真系统研究与实现

发布时间：2018-03-25 04:22

本文选题：塔式起重机　切入点：虚拟仿真系统　出处：《大连理工大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：城市化进程过程中,随城市建筑单体高度增加及对作业效率的追求,建筑业中用于起升作业的塔式起重机(简称塔机)有了蓬勃发展,同时对塔机驾驶员也有了新的要求,首先,塔机的广泛应用对塔机驾驶员的数量有了新的要求；其次,大型化、超大高度起升及视线范围外作业对驾驶员操作科学性有了更高要求。限于传统塔机驾驶员培训方式的局限性,依靠一对一单人培训,培训内容相对有限,难以满足新的要求。在国外已有采用虚拟现实技术搭建虚拟系统实现起重机作业模拟并最终通过虚拟系统实现对起重机驾驶员培训的案例。国内相关科研院校对起重机虚拟系统也有相关研究并取得了一定研究成果,但所构建的虚拟场景与真实作业环境的符合程度及视觉沉浸效果相对较差,理论培训内容及方式不够全面、直接。本文针对国内现有研究中较突出的问题进行了相应研究,主要研究内容有： (1)虚拟场景整体真实性研究,通过人机交互的方式实现塔机虚拟作业场景与真实作业场景的一致性,即根据实际作业环境,人为实现作业地理位置、施工楼房模型、场景楼房模型、塔机类型等基本因素的设置,搭建与实际作业环境相一致的虚拟场景,改变以往虚拟场景真实性问题； (2)虚拟场景视觉效果沉浸性研究,根据人眼实际视觉感受,通过远近场景相结合的方式,将场景划分为三个层次,实现真实作业场景远近层次感及视觉效果精确程度的模拟； (3)虚拟仿真系统触觉沉浸效果研究,通过解析计算与有限元分析计算结合的方式完成塔身受力及位移变形分析,并以TC6020塔机为具体有限元分析计算案例,完成运动平台驱动参数的理论研究； (4)理论培训视频的设计与实现,通过三维动画视频演示、字幕及语音讲解的形式,改变以往理论培训形式,以更直接、更形象的方式完成塔机理论培训及装拆过程的指导,完善现有虚拟仿真系统培训内容的全面性； (5)虚拟仿真系统整体搭建,以TC6020塔机为具体实例,完成塔机虚拟仿真系统的搭建。
[Abstract]:In the process of urbanization, with the increase of building height and the pursuit of operational efficiency, tower cranes (tower cranes) used in lifting operations in the construction industry have developed vigorously, and new requirements for tower crane drivers have also been put forward. First, the widespread use of tower cranes has new requirements for the number of tower crane drivers. There is a higher requirement for the driver to operate scientifically in the oversized height hoisting and out of line of sight operation. Due to the limitation of the traditional training mode of the tower crane driver, the training content is relatively limited and it is difficult to meet the new requirements. In foreign countries, virtual reality technology has been used to build virtual system to realize crane operation simulation and finally to realize crane driver training through virtual system. Some related studies have been made and some research results have been obtained. But the degree of conformance between the virtual scene and the real work environment and the effect of visual immersion are relatively poor, and the theoretical training contents and methods are not comprehensive and direct. This article has carried on the corresponding research to the domestic existing research more prominent question, the main research content is:. 1) the research on the whole authenticity of the virtual scene realizes the consistency between the virtual operation scene of tower crane and the real operation scene by the way of man-machine interaction, that is, according to the actual working environment, the artificial realization of the geographical position of the operation, the construction of the building model, Setting up the basic factors such as scene building model, tower crane type and so on, setting up the virtual scene consistent with the actual working environment, changing the truthfulness of the former virtual scene; 2) Immersion study of visual effect of virtual scene. According to the actual visual feeling of human eyes, the scene is divided into three levels by the combination of far and near scene, which realizes the simulation of the sense of distance and near level and the degree of accuracy of visual effect of real working scene. 3) the tactile immersion effect of virtual simulation system is studied. The stress and displacement deformation analysis of tower body is accomplished by the combination of analytic calculation and finite element analysis, and the TC6020 tower crane is taken as the concrete case of finite element analysis and calculation. Complete the theoretical research of driving parameters of motion platform; 4) the design and implementation of theoretical training video, through 3D animation video demonstration, subtitle and voice explanation, to change the previous theoretical training form, and to complete the guidance of tower crane theory training and assembly and disassembly process in a more direct and more visual way. Improve the training content of the existing virtual simulation system; The TC6020 tower crane is taken as a concrete example to complete the building of the tower crane virtual simulation system.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH213.3

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