主动电磁轴承飞轮储能系统陀螺效应抑制研究

发布时间：2018-03-27 08:26

本文选题：飞轮储能系统　切入点：主动电磁轴承系统　出处：《浙江大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：飞轮储能技术是一种高效的能量转换与储存方法,利用高速旋转的飞轮存储机械能,通过换能装置实现电能与机械能的相互转换。相对其他储能方法,具有功率密度大、单位质量储能值高、寿命长、无污染、充放电迅速等优点,目前在不间断电源、脉冲电源、航空航天等诸多领域得到了广泛应用。主动电磁轴承是利用可控的电磁力将转子悬浮起来,具有无磨损、无需润滑、高转速、动态特性可调等突出优点,特别适合飞轮储能这种高速旋转系统。但是,由于飞轮转子的极转动惯量与横向转动惯量的比值较大,高速下的强陀螺效应对转子刚性模态频率影响非常大,传统的分散PID控制已经不能满足要求了,需要利用新的控制算法来对陀螺效应进行抑制。本文在分析主动电磁轴承基本工作原理的基础上,建立了主动电磁轴承系统的单自由度和四自由度动力学模型。然后,从力学的角度分析了陀螺效应产生的原理以及各种性质的力和力矩对飞轮转子的影响,并对各种转速下飞轮转子系统的稳定性做了详细的分析,为后面控制算法的设计指明了方向。在稳定性分析的基础上,设计了线性状态反馈解耦控制、交叉反馈控制以及模态解耦控制三种控制算法,并对其性能进行了仿真分析。以dSPACE系统为核心设计了主动电磁轴承控制实验系统,分别介绍了硬件系统和软件系统的设计和调试过程。最后对不同转速下转子不同方向上的位移曲线和不同平面运动轨迹图进行分析,可以看出控制器对陀螺效应起到了有效的抑制,并具有较强的动态性能和抗干扰能力。
[Abstract]:Flywheel energy storage technology is an efficient energy conversion and storage method. The high-speed rotating flywheel is used to store mechanical energy, and the conversion between electrical energy and mechanical energy is realized by means of energy transfer device. Compared with other energy storage methods, the flywheel has a high power density. With the advantages of high energy storage per unit mass, long life, no pollution, rapid charge and discharge and so on, it has been widely used in many fields such as uninterruptible power supply, pulse power supply, aerospace and so on. Active electromagnetic bearing (AMB), which suspends rotor by controllable electromagnetic force, has many outstanding advantages, such as no wear, no lubrication, high rotational speed and adjustable dynamic characteristic, etc. It is especially suitable for high-speed rotating system such as flywheel energy storage. Because the ratio of polar moment of inertia to transverse moment of inertia of flywheel rotor is large, the strong gyroscope effect at high speed has a great influence on the rigid mode frequency of rotor. The traditional decentralized PID control can not meet the requirements. A new control algorithm is needed to suppress the gyro effect. On the basis of analyzing the basic working principle of active magnetic bearing, the dynamic models of single and four degrees of freedom of active magnetic bearing system are established in this paper. The principle of gyroscope effect and the influence of force and torque on flywheel rotor are analyzed from the angle of mechanics, and the stability of flywheel rotor system under various rotational speeds is analyzed in detail. It points out the direction for the design of the control algorithm. On the basis of stability analysis, three control algorithms, namely linear state feedback decoupling control, cross feedback control and modal decoupling control, are designed. Based on the dSPACE system, the active magnetic bearing control experiment system is designed. The design and debugging process of hardware system and software system are introduced respectively. Finally, the displacement curve and plane motion trajectory of the rotor are analyzed under different rotational speeds. It can be seen that the controller can restrain the gyro effect effectively and has strong dynamic performance and anti-interference ability.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH133.3

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