高速滚珠丝杠副动力学性能分析及试验研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 20:50

  本文选题：滚珠丝杠副　切入点：摩擦力矩　出处：《山东建筑大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：滚珠丝杠副是数控机床的关键功能部件,随着数控机床向高速、高精度方向的不断发展,滚珠丝杠副的线速度也越来越高,使得滚珠丝杠副的磨损加剧、温升和噪声增大。论文在对滚珠丝杠的接触和运动特性进行分析的基础上,采取理论和实验相结合的方法研究了滚珠丝杠副摩擦力矩产生的机理以及振动特性,对解决由于高速所引起的温升和噪声问题有着重要的理论意义和实际价值。 首先应用接触力学理论分析了滚珠在螺旋滚道中的运动特性,对滚珠与螺母和丝杠滚道的两个接触点处的运动进行了分解,得出了滚珠沿滚珠中心运动方向的滚动力偶和各方向上运动分量的方程,分析出了滚珠滑移这种丝杠特有的运动形式。在此基础上阐述了滚珠丝杠副摩擦力矩产生的机理和主要影响因素,并根据摩擦力矩的产生机理建立了滚珠丝杠副摩擦力矩的数学模型,确定了滚珠丝杠副发热量的计算公式。应用振动与噪声理论对滚珠丝杠副传动系统进行了模型简化,并对简化后的模型进行了固有振动的求解。 通过实验研究了不同返向结构和润滑方式下滚珠丝杠副摩擦力矩的变化规律；通过频谱分析的方法,研究了摩擦力矩低频波动的原因。研究表明,滚珠周期性的出入返向器和丝杠的制造误差所引起的滚珠周期性的拥堵和散开是导致摩擦力矩周期性波动的主要原因。在不同转速下测量了使用新型返向器的KD3216滚珠丝杠副随时间的温度变化,在60m/min的速度下可以保持温升在20℃以内,说明新型返向器的流畅性较好,可以明显降低滚珠间的摩擦。对单导轨滚珠丝杠副性能实验台进行了模态实验和仿真,并对固有振动特性进行了比较,得到各阶主要固有频率,通过噪声实验得到了噪音主要能量所在的频段随主轴转速的变化关系。
[Abstract]:Ball screw pair is a key functional component of CNC machine tools. With the continuous development of CNC machine tools in the direction of high speed and high precision, the linear speed of ball screw pairs is also getting higher and higher, which makes the wear of ball screw pairs worse. Temperature rise and noise increase. Based on the analysis of the contact and motion characteristics of the ball screw, the mechanism and vibration characteristics of the friction moment of the ball screw pair are studied by combining theory and experiment. It has important theoretical significance and practical value to solve the problem of temperature rise and noise caused by high speed. The motion characteristics of the ball in the spiral raceway are analyzed by using the contact mechanics theory, and the motion of the ball at the two contact points between the ball and the nut and the screw raceway is decomposed. The rolling force couple along the center of the ball and the equation of the motion component in each direction are obtained. Based on the analysis of ball slippage, a special movement form of lead screw, the mechanism of friction moment of ball screw pair and its main influencing factors are expounded. According to the mechanism of friction moment, the mathematical model of friction moment of ball screw pair is established, and the calculation formula of ball screw pair heat is determined. The model of ball screw pair transmission system is simplified by using vibration and noise theory. The natural vibration of the simplified model is solved. The variation law of friction torque of ball screw pair under different backdirection structure and lubrication mode is studied experimentally, and the cause of low frequency fluctuation of friction moment is studied by means of spectrum analysis. The main reason for the periodic fluctuation of friction torque is the periodic congestion and divergence of ball caused by the errors in the manufacture of ball return device and lead screw. The KD3216 using the new type of backwarder is measured at different rotational speeds. The temperature of the ball screw pair varies with time, Under the speed of 60m/min, the temperature rise can be kept within 20 鈩，

本文编号：1682792