起重机低速重载轴承状态监测研究

发布时间：2018-03-31 20:01

本文选题：轴承　切入点：振动　出处：《大连交通大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：对于起重机而言，轴承是工作频率最高，也是最容易磨损和发生故障的部件。但由于轴承有着离散性寿命的特点，所以很难选择最适合的时间更换轴承。如果更换过早，会造成浪费，但如果更换不及时，则可能引发事故，并造成严重的后果和巨大的损失。本文对轴承常见的失效形式和故障监测方法做出一定的研究和讨论。根据桥式起重机的实际工作环境及要求，设计了一款轴承监测装置。该装置应用了温度法和振动法对轴承状态监测，其中对温度信号使用微分加权的方法，放大温度变化趋势，预判温度走向；对于振动信号，首先在时域对其振幅做了峰值提取，并对振幅包络线做了平滑处理和特征提取，然后通过快速傅里叶变换获得振动信号各频率分量的幅值，提取其频域特征。文中对系统的组成和工作流程做了详细的规划，将系统分成核心处理器、信号处理器、参数输入模块、信号采集模块、数据存储模块、显示模块，并根据系统功能选取了每个模块所应用的器件，为每个模块设计了功能电路，在硬件的基础上以软件编程的方式完善每个模块的功能，并为单片机之间的并口通信设计了一种通信协议。在制造出监测装置样机后，对其功能分别进行模拟测试和实际测试，测试结果表明该装置具有很好的监测效果。本文开发出了一套起重机低速重载轴承状况监测装置，该装置操作简便，易于安装，低功耗，具有很高的性价比。该装置可在无操作人员的状态下，持续在线监测轴承状态，并通过显示屏显示轴承当前状态。通过信号分析的方式，能做到提前报警，通知管理人员及时更换轴承，减少损失，避免事故的发生。
[Abstract]:For the crane, bearing is the highest working frequency is the most easy to wear and component failure. But because the bearing has the characteristics of discrete life, so it is difficult to choose the most suitable time replacement. If the replacement is premature, will cause waste, but if the replacement is not timely, it may cause the accident, and caused serious the consequences and huge losses.
The common failure types and monitoring method are discussed. According to the actual working environment and requirements of the bridge crane, a bearing monitoring device. This device applies the temperature method and vibration method for bearing condition monitoring method, which uses differential weighting of the temperature signal, amplifying the temperature change trend, to predict temperature; for vibration signal, first in the time of the amplitude do peak amplitude envelope extraction, and made smooth processing and feature extraction, and then the amplitude of the fast Fourier transform to obtain the vibration signal of each frequency component, extracting the characteristics of frequency. The structure and working process of the system detailed planning, the system is divided into core processor, signal processor, parameter input module, signal acquisition module, data storage module, display module, and according to the system function Select the devices of each module application, designed the function circuit for each module, on the basis of the hardware by the software programming way to improve the function of each module, and designed a communication protocol for parallel communication between the microcontroller. In the manufacture of prototype monitoring device, the simulation tests and actual function respectively the test, the test results show that the monitoring device has a good effect.
This paper has developed a set of crane low-speed rolling bearing condition monitoring device, the device has the advantages of simple operation, easy installation, low power consumption, has a very high price. The device can operate in the absence of personnel under the condition of continuous online monitoring of bearing condition, and through the display before the bear state. Through shaft signal analysis, can do early alarm, inform the management personnel timely replacement of bearings, reduce the loss, to avoid accidents.

【学位授予单位】：大连交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH21;TP274

【参考文献】