新型多用途单臂架门座起重机立柱动力学分析

发布时间：2018-04-02 23:09

本文选题：立柱　切入点：变幅　出处：《武汉理工大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：单臂架门座起重机的立柱是起重机工作时非常重要的承载部件,它的力学性能对整机的正常工作有重要影响。对立柱进行静力分析时,需要考虑起重机在各种工况可能出现的最大载荷和立柱强度、刚度要求。实际上,门座起重机在吊重从地面突然起升、回转起制动和吊重在空中突然卸载、变幅起制动等工况下,立柱将会产生明显的冲击振动,同时在变幅和回转时货物的摆动对立柱也有较大的影响。这些动态效应在实际计算中是通过安全系数来来考虑的,这样其实是把一个较复杂的动态模型简化为相对简单的静态模型,在某些情况下不能够准确地反映立柱结构的受力本质。在际计算中,将动态问转化为静态问题的主要原因是：因为动载荷产生的原因及影响因素比较复杂,同时动载荷的准确拟合也非常困难。本文正是以上述问题为出发点,以机械动力学和有限元法为理论基础,运用ANSYS软件对新型单臂架门座起重机立柱在不同工况下进行动力学分析,研究了立柱的动态特性和动力响应规律。主要研究工作如下： 1、运用ANSYS8.1对门座起重机的立柱系统建立有限元模型,给出了用板单元建立有限元模型的原则和步骤,而且采用APDL语言可以实现参数化建模,易于修改、便于管理。 2、对门座起重机在满载内摆的同时侧摆至最大角度以及外摆的同时侧摆至最大角度两种工况进行静力分析,结合起重机金属结构学理论和考虑起重机的载荷承载能力,得出研究结果。 3、结合立柱系统的动态特性,研究其模态情况,因为后几阶的固有频率参考意义不大,因此只考虑取前几阶主振型和振型图以及固有频率。理论结合实际,根据得出的结果数据,分析研究理论得出的结果是否符合实际情况,从而得出理论分析的真实性和正确性,对今后的研发工作起到指导作用。同时分析新型单臂架多用途门座式起重机立柱系统在最大幅度满载变幅和制动后,货物在摆动过程中,产生的共振现象。并找出相关的原因提供避免的方法。 4、制作变幅和回转制动后两种工况立柱载荷施加的详细excel表格,为今后的设计工作提供便利。 5、对立柱系统在变幅和回转制动后这两种工况利用有限元分析软件ANSYS8.1进行瞬态动力学分析,其目的是要获得新型单臂架多用途门座式起重机的立柱系统在回转制动和变幅制动后的瞬态动力响应,包括动动位移、应力响应仿真云图以及典型节点的动应力时间历程曲线,然后再对结果进行进一步的研究并得出相关的结论,获得分析此类问题的一般性方法和规律。 6、比较静力学研究结果和瞬态动力学研究结果,并得出相关结论,对今后的相关机型的设计研发工作起一定的指导作用。
[Abstract]:The column of a gantry crane with a single arm frame is an important load-bearing part of the crane, and its mechanical properties have an important effect on the normal operation of the whole crane.In the static analysis of the column, the maximum load, the strength and the stiffness of the column may be taken into account.In fact, under such conditions as lifting load from the ground, rotating lifting brake and lifting load in the air, sudden lifting and braking of the lifting load, the column will produce obvious shock vibration.At the same time, the swing of the cargo also has a great influence on the column.These dynamic effects are considered by the safety factor in the actual calculation, which is to simplify a more complicated dynamic model into a relatively simple static model.In some cases, it can not accurately reflect the force nature of the column structure.In the interspace calculation, the main reason why the dynamic problem is transformed into the static problem is that the causes and influencing factors of the dynamic load are complicated, and the accurate fitting of the dynamic load is also very difficult.In this paper, based on the theory of mechanical dynamics and finite element method, the dynamic analysis of the column of a new type of gantry crane with single arm frame is carried out under different working conditions with the help of ANSYS software.The dynamic characteristics and dynamic response of columns are studied.The main work of the study is as follows:1. The finite element model of the column system of gantry crane is established by using ANSYS8.1, and the principles and steps of establishing finite element model with plate element are given. Moreover, the parametric modeling can be realized by using APDL language, which is easy to modify and easy to manage.(2) the static analysis of the gantry crane with the maximum angle of the side pendulum and the maximum angle of the side pendulum with the full load, combined with the theory of metal structure of the crane and considering the load bearing capacity of the crane,The results of the study are obtained.3. Considering the dynamic characteristics of the vertical column system, the modal conditions are studied. Because the reference of the natural frequencies of the lower order is not significant, only the first several main modes, the mode diagrams and the natural frequencies are taken into account.Combining theory with practice, according to the result data, this paper analyzes whether the result of the research theory accords with the actual situation, and obtains the authenticity and correctness of the theoretical analysis, which plays a guiding role in the research and development work in the future.At the same time, the resonance of the new single-arm frame multi-purpose gantry crane column system is analyzed during the swinging process of the cargo after the maximum amplitude full load variation and braking.And find out the relevant reasons to provide ways to avoid.4. The detailed excel table of the column load applied in the two working conditions is made, which provides convenience for the design work in the future.5. The transient dynamics of the column system is analyzed by using the finite element analysis software ANSYS8.1.The purpose of this paper is to obtain the transient dynamic response of the column system of a new single-arm multi-purpose gantry crane after rotary braking and variable amplitude braking, including the dynamic displacement, the simulation cloud diagram of the stress response and the dynamic stress time history curve of typical nodes.Then the results are further studied and the relevant conclusions are drawn, and the general methods and rules for analyzing such problems are obtained.6. The results of statics and transient dynamics are compared, and some conclusions are drawn, which will guide the design and development of related aircraft in the future.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：TH213.4

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