无蓄能器型液压冲击机构流量匹配关系研究

发布时间：2018-04-03 19:53

本文选题：冲击机构　切入点：流量匹配　出处：《上海工程技术大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：液压冲击机械是一种靠液压驱动使活塞获得动能，通过撞击将岩石破碎的工程机械。随着国家基础设施建设规模的扩大，液压破碎锤、凿岩机等冲击机械的应用越来越广泛。而液压冲击机构是这些高速大功率冲击机械的共同且核心的部分。面对世界范围的石油紧缺，工程机械必将朝着节能环保的方向发展。目前，液压冲击机械多数装配在挖掘机上，由本来给铲斗油缸供油的泵给冲击机构供油。这种方式并未考虑到冲击机构活塞速度变化十分剧烈的工作特点，因此不是最节能高效的匹配方式。对于带蓄能器的液压冲击机构，，蓄能器在冲击机构工作过程中起到适时吸收或释放油液的作用。相关文献表明，即使不配置蓄能器，冲击机构的冲击能与带蓄能器时相比只有微小降低。再加上蓄能器价格昂贵、寿命低等因素，取消蓄能器成为冲击机械的发展趋势。因此，本文以无蓄能器型液压冲击机构为研究对象，以输出的冲击能最大为主要目标，探讨液压泵与冲击机构的最佳匹配方式。本文将无蓄能器型液压冲击机构的工作过程分为5个阶段，在深入分析工作原理的基础上，建立了冲击机构活塞、氮气室、换向阀芯等元件的动力学方程及液压油路的油液平衡方程。在Matlab中对简化的模型进行了求解，得出了活塞速度变化趋势及所需流量变化趋势。在冲击机构非线性数学模型的基础上，应用AMESim软件结合功率键合图思想建立了冲击机构的活塞-缸体、氮气室、换向阀、变量泵的仿真模型，按照实际物理结构组合成完整模型。将实测图纸得到的参数代入仿真模型进行仿真，得到了不同流量大小和恒流、恒压、恒功率三种供油方式下的冲击性能曲线。通过仿真曲线的对比分析，得出了“恒压泵为冲击机构的最佳供油方式，供油量越大冲击能越大”的结论。为获得反映冲击机构性能的冲击能、冲击频率等数据，本文设计了基于虚拟仪器的测试系统。测试系统软件由LabVIEW语言编写，硬件由传感器、NI公司的数据采集卡等组成。应用设计的测试系统对冲击机构进行了不同流量大小下的性能测试，获取了液压系统压力、流量、活塞速度、冲击能、冲击频率等数据的变化曲线，证明了仿真得出的结论。本文的研究成果对现有冲击机构的选型、节能高效冲击机构的开发有一定的指导意义。
[Abstract]:Hydraulic impact machine is a hydraulic driven by the piston to obtain kinetic energy, the impact will be broken rock engineering machinery. With the expanding scale of national infrastructure construction, hydraulic hammer, impact drill machine is used more and more widely. But the hydraulic impact mechanism is common and core part of the high speed and high power impact machine in the face of the world. The oil shortage, engineering machinery will developtowards energy saving and environmental protection. At present, most of the hydraulic impact machine assembly in excavators, from the original to the bucket cylinder fuel pump for oil to the impact mechanism. This method does not take into account the impact mechanism of piston speed change characteristic is very intense, it is not the most energy saving an efficient matching method. The hydraulic impact mechanism with accumulator, which timely absorb or release the oil used to work in the impact mechanism in the process of storage Related literature shows that even without the configuration of accumulator, the impact mechanism of impact energy with accumulator only slightly reduced. Plus the accumulator is expensive, low life factors, cancel the accumulator become the development trend of mechanical impact. Therefore, this paper takes no type hydraulic impact mechanism the research object of storage, to output the maximum impact energy as the main goal, to explore the best matching of hydraulic pump and the impact mechanism.
The storage process type of hydraulic impact mechanism is divided into 5 stages, based on in-depth analysis on the working principle, established the impact mechanism of the piston, the nitrogen chamber, the oil balance equation and hydraulic reversing valve core components such as. To Jane in the Matlab model is solved. And the trend of piston velocity and required flow rate change trend.
The impact mechanism based on nonlinear mathematical model, using AMESim software combined with the power bond graph is constructed. The impact mechanism of piston cylinder, nitrogen chamber, valve, the simulation model of variable pump, according to the actual physical structure into a complete model. The parameters of simulation model of measured drawings are obtained for different simulation. The size of the flow and constant flow, constant pressure, constant power curve and impact properties of three kinds of oil supply mode. By comparing the simulation curve analysis, the constant pressure pump is the best oil way of the impact mechanism, the greater the impact energy supply is "conclusion.
In order to acquire the performance impact mechanism of impact energy, impact frequency data, this paper designs the test system based on virtual instrument. The test system software is developed by LabVIEW language, the hardware of the NI sensor, the data acquisition card. The test system design on hedge mechanism was carried out to test the performance of different flow size. The hydraulic system pressure, flow, piston velocity, impact energy, impact frequency curve data, proved the simulation conclusion.
The research results of this paper have certain guiding significance for the selection of the existing impact mechanism and the development of energy saving and high efficiency impact mechanism.

【学位授予单位】：上海工程技术大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：TH137.7

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