基于光纤光栅的旋转叶片变形监测方法与系统研究

发布时间：2018-04-06 20:24

本文选题：旋转叶片　切入点：变形　出处：《武汉理工大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：旋转叶片作为旋转机械的重要组成部分,其安全性直接影响到旋转机械的整体安全性,叶片故障所导致的后果往往十分严重,对叶片工作中的状态进行监测具有十分重要的意义。叶片的变形是叶片状态最直观的描述,因此对叶片的变形情况进行监测显得尤为重要。本文的主要研究内容之一即为叶片变形监测方法的研究。光纤光栅传感技术是近年来发展迅速的一种传感技术,由于光纤光栅传感器具有无源无电、抗电磁干扰能力强、信号传输距离远、能在易燃易爆、灰尘油污等恶劣工作环境下工作、采用时分或波分复用技术易于实现大规模分布式网络测量等诸多优点,因此在大型机械装备状态监测中的应用前景十分广阔。而如何将光纤光栅有效应用到机械装备状态监测中,是现在许多研究人员都在研究的热点问题。结合以上两方面问题,本文的目的就是研究如何使用光纤光栅来实现对旋转叶片变形的监测。设计一种结构、寻求一种方法,将光纤光栅传感技术应用到旋转叶片变形监测中,为光纤光栅在机械结构状态监测中的应用提供一种方法和思路。针对这一目的,本文所做的主要工作包括： 1.对叶片结构和工作时的受力状态进行了理论分析,研究了叶片变形产生的机理与叶片变形的主要形式。 2.提出了使用光纤光栅进行叶片变形监测的方法,确定了用于测量变形信号的传感器的传感方法与类型,设计出了以光纤光栅为传感元件的传感器。这部分工作是本文的重点内容。 3.介绍了信号的分析与处理方法。首先介绍了光纤光栅的解调方法,然后介绍了信号的处理方法,包括时域分析、频谱分析和小波分析。 4.使用本文中设计的传感器分别进行了静态实验、转速测量实验和低速下信号的采集实验,确定了传感方法的可行性,为后续高速旋转状态下叶片变形的测量打下基础。
[Abstract]:As an important part of rotating machinery, the safety of rotating blade directly affects the overall safety of rotating machinery, and the consequences of blade failure are often very serious.It is very important to monitor the working condition of blade.The deformation of blade is the most intuitionistic description of blade state, so it is very important to monitor the deformation of blade.One of the main contents of this paper is the research of blade deformation monitoring method.Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing technology is a kind of sensing technology developed rapidly in recent years. Because of its passive electricity, strong anti-electromagnetic interference ability, long signal transmission distance, FBG sensor can be flammable and explosive.Under the bad working environment such as dust and oil pollution, it is easy to realize large-scale distributed network measurement by using time division multiplexing (TDM) technology and so on. Therefore, the application prospect in condition monitoring of large-scale mechanical equipment is very broad.How to effectively apply fiber Bragg grating (FBG) to state monitoring of mechanical equipment is a hot issue for many researchers.Combined with the above two problems, the purpose of this paper is to study how to use fiber Bragg grating to monitor the deformation of rotating blade.A structure is designed and a method is sought to apply fiber Bragg grating sensing technology to the deformation monitoring of rotating blades, which provides a method and train of thought for the application of fiber Bragg grating in the monitoring of mechanical structure.For this purpose, the main work done in this paper includes:1.The mechanism of blade deformation and the main forms of blade deformation are studied in this paper.2.A method of blade deformation monitoring using fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is proposed. The sensor method and type of sensor used to measure deformation signal are determined. A sensor based on FBG is designed.This part of the work is the focus of this paper.3.The method of signal analysis and processing is introduced.First, the demodulation method of fiber grating is introduced, and then the signal processing method is introduced, including time domain analysis, spectrum analysis and wavelet analysis.4.Using the sensor designed in this paper, the static experiment, the speed measurement experiment and the signal acquisition experiment at low speed are carried out respectively, and the feasibility of the sensing method is determined, which lays the foundation for the subsequent measurement of blade deformation under the condition of high speed rotation.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：TH165.3

【引证文献】