现役桥式起重机金属结构安全性分析评估方法

发布时间：2018-04-13 17:36

本文选题：起重机 + 安全评估　；参考：《上海交通大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：桥式起重机作为港口和造船厂吊装作业的重要设备,在港口和造船厂作业中发挥着无可替代的作用。造船桥式起重机是一种大起重量、大跨度、多功能、高效率的门式起重机械,专用于船坞(或船台)进行大型船体分段运输、对接及翻转作业。但是由于环境条件较差,常导致桥式起重机的腐蚀损伤问题严重;同时由于起重机的大型化发展趋势及其工作载荷的复杂性,致使其极限强度问题日益突出。而起重机安全事故时有发生,轻则影响生产、造成经济损失,重则导致设备严重破坏甚至人身伤亡。因此十分有必要对在役特别是老旧的起重机进行结构分析,以确定设备的安全性。本文应用有限元方法研究桥式起重机金属结构的安全评估问题。基于MSC.Patran/PCL平台开发建立“起重机结构安全性分析评估系统”;该系统的建模功能能够实现有限元参数化快速建模及依据规范的加载;其安全评估功能模块依据基于《起重机设计规范》建立的起重机安全评估准则,提取模型系列分析结果,实现对结构的安全评估。该系统利用PCL语言开发面向用户交互式、可视化功能界面,数据输入直观明了,便于用户操作顺序化、流程化,实现人机一体化。文中以某桥式起重机为例,对其进行安全评估;表明该系统能够进行快速、规范化的起重机结构安全评估,实现对设备资产高效管理。本文应用MSC.Fatigue进行腐蚀作用下结构疲劳寿命的分析,结果表明起重机外板的腐蚀显著降低结构的疲劳寿命,在服役晚期可达无腐蚀情况下疲劳寿命的18.9%;给出结构疲劳寿命随时间的变化,实现对结构疲劳寿命的预测与评估。本文应用ABAQUS进行腐蚀作用下结构极限强度分析,结果表明起重机整体的腐蚀导致了结构整体极限承载能力的显著降低,在服役晚期可达原承载能力的6.7%;给出结构极限强度随时间的变化,实现对结构承载能力的预报与评估。
[Abstract]:Bridge crane, as an important equipment in hoisting operation of port and shipyard, plays an irreplaceable role in port and shipyard operation.Shipbuilding bridge crane is a kind of gantry crane with large lifting weight, long span, multifunction and high efficiency.However, due to the poor environmental conditions, it often leads to serious corrosion damage of bridge cranes, and because of the large-scale development trend of cranes and the complexity of their working loads, the ultimate strength problem becomes increasingly prominent.Crane safety accidents occur from time to time, light impact on production, resulting in economic losses, heavy lead to serious destruction of equipment and even personal injury.Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the structure of the old crane, especially the old crane, in order to determine the safety of the equipment.In this paper, the finite element method is used to study the safety evaluation of bridge crane metal structure.The "crane structure safety analysis and evaluation system" is developed based on MSC.Patran/PCL platform, and the modeling function of the system can realize fast finite element parameterization modeling and loading according to the specification.The function module of safety evaluation is based on the crane safety evaluation criterion established by "Crane Design Specification". The model series analysis results are extracted to realize the safety evaluation of the structure.The system uses PCL language to develop user-oriented interactive visual functional interface the data input is intuitionistic and clear it is convenient for users to operate sequentially flow and realize man-machine integration.This paper takes a bridge crane as an example to evaluate its safety, and shows that the system can carry out fast and standardized crane structure safety evaluation and realize efficient management of equipment assets.In this paper, MSC.Fatigue is used to analyze the fatigue life of the structure under corrosion. The results show that the corrosion of the outer plate of the crane can significantly reduce the fatigue life of the structure.The fatigue life of the structure with no corrosion can be reached at the late stage of service, and the variation of the fatigue life with time is given to predict and evaluate the fatigue life of the structure.In this paper, ABAQUS is used to analyze the ultimate strength of the structure under corrosion. The results show that the corrosion of the whole crane leads to a significant decrease in the ultimate bearing capacity of the whole structure.In the late period of service, the ultimate strength of the structure can reach 6.7% of the original bearing capacity, and the change of the ultimate strength of the structure with time is given to realize the prediction and evaluation of the bearing capacity of the structure.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：TH215

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