变温环境下气缸静—动低值摩擦力的测试方法研究

发布时间：2018-04-14 13:40

  本文选题：气缸 + 摩擦力　； 参考：《南京理工大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着气动技术的迅速发展,气缸作为常用的气动执行元件有着非常广泛的应用。气缸活塞和金属内壁之间摩擦力的不确定性,是影响其工作性能的重要因素之一。研究气缸运动时的摩擦力特性,建立不同速度下气缸运动的摩擦力模型,进而有针对性地采取有效措施,对于改善气缸运动性能起着重要作用。 过去在气缸摩擦力特性方面的研究对象均为橡胶密封气缸,本课题研究的是新型的金属间隙密封气缸,针对这种气缸的微摩擦力的测量提出了一个实际的新课题。论文完成的主要研究工作包括以下几个方面： (1)根据金属间隙密封气缸摩擦力数值小的特性,设计和搭建了气压驱动和直线电机驱动两种测量系统(文中分别将其称为间测法和直测法)。比较实验表明,直测法测量精度高、数据一致性好、动摩擦力测量时可预设速度值,因此更适合于气缸低摩擦力的测量。 (2)采用直测法获得了金属间隙密封气缸的静摩擦力和不同速度下的动摩擦力。结果表明,金属间隙密封气缸的摩擦力显著小于橡胶密封气缸,其数量级大约是橡胶密封气缸的1/10—1/5；动摩擦力特性随速度的增加而增加,首先呈多次方多项式关系,当增加到一定程度时,摩擦力与速度之间呈线性增加。静、动摩擦力均随缸径的增大而增大。 (3)为了通过实验手段测量不同温度条件下(0℃～50℃)的摩擦力情况,本课题自制冷热双向恒温箱,可实现0℃～50℃的温度调节,并解决了采用普通恒温箱进行实验时存在的多个问题。 (4)采用上述变温系统进行摩擦力测量实验,结果表明：随着温度的升高,静摩擦力总体呈下降趋势；动摩擦值随温度的变化过程比较复杂,在速度较低时,动摩擦力受温度变化的影响不明显,当速度较高时,其值随温度的升高基本呈下降趋势。 通过对不同温度条件下低摩擦气缸的摩擦力测量方法的研究,获得了某新型气缸的摩擦力特性数据,可为实际工程应用提供技术参考。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of pneumatic technology, cylinder as a commonly used pneumatic actuator has a very wide range of applications.The uncertainty of friction between cylinder piston and metal wall is one of the important factors affecting its working performance.It is very important to study the friction characteristics of cylinder motion, to establish the friction model of cylinder motion at different speeds, and to take effective measures to improve the performance of cylinder motion.In the past, rubber seal cylinder was the object of study on friction characteristics of cylinder. In this paper, a new type of metal clearance seal cylinder was studied. A new practical subject was put forward to measure the micro friction force of this cylinder.The main research work of the thesis includes the following aspects:1) according to the small friction value of metal clearance seal cylinder, two measuring systems, pneumatic drive and linear motor drive, are designed and built (which are called intermeasuring method and direct measuring method respectively).The experimental results show that the direct measurement method has high accuracy, good data consistency, and the velocity value can be preset when measuring the dynamic friction force, so it is more suitable for measuring the low friction force of the cylinder.The static friction force of the metal clearance seal cylinder and the dynamic friction force at different velocities are obtained by means of direct measurement.The results show that the friction force of the metal clearance seal cylinder is significantly smaller than that of the rubber seal cylinder, and its order of magnitude is about 1 / 10 ~ (-1 / 5) of the rubber seal cylinder.When the friction is increased to a certain extent, the friction force increases linearly with the velocity.Static and dynamic friction forces increase with the increase of cylinder diameter.(3) in order to measure the friction force of 0 鈩，

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