内曲线式低速大扭矩水液压马达关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-04-15 17:12

本文选题：水液压马达 + 定子曲线　；参考：《燕山大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：近年来，随着新型材料的出现和加工技术的进步，水液压传动技术得到了很大的发展。作为水液压传动系统中的能量转换装置和执行装置，由于水液压马达在水液压系统中的重要作用，成为学者们研究的热点和重点。目前，国内外在水液压马达方面的研究主要集中在水液压轴向柱塞马达和水液压叶片马达上，，对于低速大扭矩水液压马达的研究很少。在一些空间受到限制、需要大扭矩和变速箱不便于安装的场合，低速大扭矩马达就显得更加重要。开展低速大扭矩水液压马达特性及其关键技术研究具有重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。因此，本文以多作用内曲线式低速大扭矩水液压马达为研究对象，采用理论分析和试验研究的方法，从水液压马达各关键摩擦副的间隙、材料的选择与摩擦磨损特性入手，探索解决以水为传动介质的低速大扭矩液压马达的关键技术问题，为其实际应用奠定基础。首先，运用运动学及动力学理论对马达定子的内曲线进行计算与分析，寻找具有冲击小、接触应力值低和运动平稳等性能的定子曲线；基于温升与压降的关系、粘温方程、粘压方程和力平衡方程及流量方程，对柱塞副在低速、高速和同心及偏心时的静态性能、动态性能、功率损失、水膜厚度以及泄漏流量进行研究，分析水的粘度变化对柱塞副泄漏流量的影响，水膜厚度对柱塞副性能的影响，并以柱塞副总功率损失最小设计柱塞副的结构。其次，基于静压支承原理对配流体的工作特性进行计算与分析，寻找适合于配流体与转子的间隙；为了保证水液压马达的容积效率，基于压力流量方程，详细分析不同间隙、温度和转速对水液压马达配流性能的影响；同时对配流体的止推特性进行研究，保证配流体转子端面的剩余压紧力满足水液压传动中对偶摩擦副剩余压紧力的设计要求。再次，基于材料学和摩擦磨损理论对不同配副材料的摩擦磨损性能进行详细的试验研究，以对偶副间的摩擦系数、海水的温升、材料表面磨损后的形貌、磨损量、磨损深度等作为评价指标，寻找适合于低速大扭矩水液压马达的各对偶运动副之间的配对材料。最后，基于上述研究设计加工水液压马达物理样机，并对样机的性能进行空载及加载试验测试，验证所研制的低速大扭矩水液压马达在设计理论、设计方法、结构及材料选择上是否正确可行。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the emergence of new materials and the progress of processing technology, water hydraulic transmission technology has been greatly developed.As the energy conversion device and actuating device in the water hydraulic transmission system, because of the important role of the water hydraulic motor in the water hydraulic system, it has become the hot spot and the focal point of the scholars' research.At present, the research of water hydraulic motor at home and abroad is mainly focused on water hydraulic axial piston motor and water hydraulic vane motor.Low speed and large torque motors are even more important when space is limited and the need for large torque and gearbox is not easy to install.It is of great theoretical significance and practical value to study the characteristics and key technologies of low speed and high torque hydraulic motors.Therefore, this paper takes the multi-action curve type low-speed and high-torque hydraulic motor as the research object, using the method of theoretical analysis and experimental research, starting with the clearance of the key friction pairs, the selection of materials and the friction and wear characteristics of the hydraulic motor.The key technical problems of low speed and high torque hydraulic motor with water as transmission medium are explored and solved, which lays a foundation for its practical application.Firstly, the inner curve of motor stator is calculated and analyzed by using kinematics and dynamics theory, and the stator curve with low impact, low contact stress and steady motion is found, based on the relation between temperature rise and pressure drop, the viscous temperature equation is obtained.The static performance, dynamic performance, power loss, water film thickness and leakage flow rate of the plunger pair at low speed, high speed, concentric and eccentricity are studied by viscous pressure equation, force balance equation and flow equation.The influence of water viscosity on the leakage flow of plunger pair and the effect of water film thickness on the performance of plunger pair are analyzed. The structure of plunger pair is designed with the minimum loss of total power of plunger.Secondly, based on the principle of hydrostatic support, the working characteristics of fluid distribution are calculated and analyzed to find the suitable gap between fluid distribution and rotor. In order to ensure the volumetric efficiency of hydraulic motor, different gaps are analyzed in detail based on the pressure flow equation.The influence of temperature and rotation speed on the flow distribution performance of the hydraulic motor and the thrust characteristics of the fluid distribution are studied to ensure that the residual compression force on the end face of the rotor can meet the design requirements of the dual friction pair in the water hydraulic transmission.Thirdly, based on the theory of materials and friction and wear, the friction and wear properties of different pair materials are studied in detail. The friction coefficient between pairs, the temperature rise of seawater, the morphology and wear amount of materials after wear are studied.The wear depth is used as the evaluation index to search for the matching materials between the pairs of the two pairs of hydraulic motors with low speed and high torque.Finally, based on the above research, the physical prototype of the hydraulic motor is designed and machined, and the performance of the prototype is tested by no-load and loading test, which verifies the design theory and design method of the low-speed and high-torque hydraulic motor.Structure and material selection is correct and feasible.
【学位授予单位】：燕山大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TH137.51

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