创新价值链视角下我国大中型制造企业创新效率评价

发布时间：2018-04-21 00:16

本文选题：创新价值链 + 创新效率　；参考：《辽宁大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：技术创新是企业得以生存和发展的动力源泉，是产业、区域乃至国家竞争力提升的根本保证。在当前资源约束、能源约束、环境约束的背景下，没有创新支撑的发展方式是不可持续的。创新活动是多主体参与，多投入、多产出、多阶段的资源转化过程。通过整合各种创新资源，实现创新思想的价值化，是创新的最终目标。然而，由于创新活动的复杂性，评价创新效率的方法和手段各异，导致不同的研究结果。结合我国大中型制造企业在国民经济中的重要地位以及创新发展现状，很多问题需要我们继续深入探讨，例如创新的价值实现过程包含哪些主体？创新价值实现的关键环节有哪些？我国大力提倡科技创新背景下，创新投入与产出是否匹配？影响创新效率的因素有哪些？如何提升我国大中型制造企业创新的整体效率和水平等等，都需要突破传统研究进行深入探讨。创新价值链（IVC）理论是研究创新过程以及创新效率的有力工具，本文在前人研究基础上，构建了全新的创新价值链模型，将创新的价值实现过程进一步的细化，有针对性的提出三次投入产出思想，并针对不同环节的投入产出，测量其创新效率与影响因素，从行业视角与区域视角分别对我国大中型制造企业的创新效率进行评价，并给出创新价值链从低效率型向高效率型延伸的不同模式，以及实现创新价值链延伸的保障措施，以此促进我国大中型制造企业创新效率的提升。具体研究内容主要包括：第一，创新价值链理论模型的构建。借鉴前人研究基础，结合大中型制造企业创新实际，构建了全新的创新价值链模式。新的创新价值链模型重点关注问题包括：（1）创新的利益相关者，不同创新参与主体，拥有不同的创新资源与创新动机，对创新效率有着重要的影响。（2）创新的投入和产出，本文从系统性、科学性、实用性、可行性等原则出发，将创新价值实现过程细分为三次投入产出，分别对应科技产出、物化产出、价值产出三个环节，研究结果更接近于现实，更有针对性。（3）创新价值实现的关键环节，，即影响三次投入产出的关键要素有哪些，文中分别用创新组织模式、科技成果物化与物化产出价值化等来描述。（4）创新价值链的类型，针对不同环节的创新效率高低情况进行划分，将创新价值链划分为一体化型、研发主导型、商业化主导型、研发和商业化主导型、生产制造主导型等，用以结合实证分析进行创新价值链的延伸模式选择。第二，创新价值链各环节效率的评价。创新的价值实现过程可以细分为三个阶段，针对每一个阶段的多投入、多产出特征，本文采用数据包络分析（DEA）方法进行效率评价。针对不同环节的创新投入、产出特征，构建评价指标体系，数据均来自于《中国统计年鉴》、《中国科技统计年鉴》等官方统计资料。根据DEA分析结果，将我国大中型制造企业从行业视角和区域视角分别进一步划分为不同创新价值链类型。最后，针对不同环节的创新效率情况，采用多元回归分析方法以及超效率DEA（SE-DEA）模型，对影响创新效率的关键因素进行回归分析，验证影响因素与不同环节创新效率的相关性。第三，创新价值链延伸模式选择与保障措施。对我国大中型制造企业进行创新效率评价的目的，一方面了解现状，发现问题，另一方面就是针对问题，提供对策措施。实证分析结果给出了我国大中型制造企业行业视角和区域视角的创新效率现状，并结合创新价值链理论模型进行了分类。针对不同环节的创新效率差异情况，需要进行创新价值链的延伸，即从低效率型向高效率型的转化升级。最后，从不同角度提出了促进创新价值链的升级的对策措施，以此促进我国大中型制造企业创新效率的全面提升。通过对我国大中型制造企业创新效率的评价，一方面对创新价值链的理论模型加以验证，另一方面系统分析了我国大中型制造企业发展现状与行业间、区域间的差异情况，找到影响创新效率的因素，为全面提升产业创新效率提供了参考性意见，具有较强的理论与实践研究价值。
[Abstract]:Technological innovation is the source of power for the survival and development of the enterprise, the fundamental guarantee for the promotion of the competitiveness of the industry, the region and the country. In the context of current resource constraints, energy constraints and environmental constraints, the development mode without innovation support is unsustainable. Innovation activities are multi-agent participation, multi input, multi production, multi-stage resources. Through the integration of various innovative resources and the realization of the value of innovative ideas, it is the ultimate goal of innovation. However, because of the complexity of the innovation activities, the methods and means of evaluating the efficiency of innovation are different, which lead to different research results. The important position of the large and medium manufacturing enterprises in our country and the status of innovation and development are combined. Many problems need us to continue to explore, for example, what are the main elements of the process of innovation value realization? What are the key links in the realization of innovation value? In the context of our country's strong advocacy of scientific and technological innovation, what are the matching of innovation input and output? What are the factors affecting the efficiency of innovation and how to improve the innovation of large and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises in China The overall efficiency and level, etc., need to be further explored through traditional research.
The innovation value chain (IVC) theory is a powerful tool to study the process of innovation and the efficiency of innovation. On the basis of previous studies, this paper builds a new model of innovation value chain, further refines the process of realizing the value realization of innovation, puts forward three input and output thoughts pertinent, and measures its innovation according to the input and output of different links. The efficiency and influence factors are evaluated from the perspective of industry and the regional perspective, and the different models of the innovative value chain extending from low efficiency to high efficiency are given, as well as the guarantee measures to extend the innovation value chain to promote the innovation efficiency of the large and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises in China. The main contents of the study include:
First, the construction of the theoretical model of innovation value chain. Using the basis of previous research and combining the innovation practice of large and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises, a new model of innovation value chain is constructed. The new innovation value chain model focuses on the following problems: (1) the stakeholders of innovation, the different creative participants, and the different innovation resources and motivation, It has an important influence on the efficiency of innovation. (2) the input and output of innovation, from the principles of systematic, scientific, practical and feasible, this paper subdivides the process of realizing the realization of innovation value into three inputs and outputs, corresponding to the three links of science and technology output, materialized output and value output, and the results are more close to reality and more pertinent. (3) The key link of the realization of the innovation value, that is, what are the key elements that affect the three input and output, respectively, are described in the innovative organization model, the materialization of scientific and technological achievements and the value of materialized output. (4) the type of innovation value chain is divided into the innovation efficiency of different links, and the innovation value chain is divided into integration. Type, R & D leading, commercialized leading, R & D and commercialization leading, production and manufacturing leading type, and so on, in order to choose the extension mode of innovation value chain in combination with empirical analysis.
Second, the evaluation of the efficiency of each link in the innovation value chain. The process of innovation value realization can be divided into three stages. According to the multi input and multi output characteristics of each stage, this paper uses the method of data envelopment analysis (DEA) to evaluate the efficiency. According to the results of DEA analysis, China's large and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises are further divided into different types of innovation value chain from the industry perspective and the regional perspective. Finally, the multiple regression analysis method and the super efficiency D are adopted for the innovation efficiency of different links. EA (SE-DEA) model is used to conduct regression analysis on the key factors influencing innovation efficiency, and verify the correlation between influencing factors and innovation efficiency of different links.
Third, innovative value chain extension mode selection and guarantee measures. On the purpose of evaluating the efficiency of innovation efficiency of large and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises in China, on the one hand, we know the current situation, find out the problems, and on the other hand, provide countermeasures against the problems. The results of the empirical analysis give the innovation effect of the industry perspective and the regional perspective of China's large and medium manufacturing enterprises. According to the difference of innovation efficiency in different links, we need to carry out the extension of innovation value chain, that is, the transformation and upgrading from low efficiency to high efficiency. Finally, from different angles, we put forward the countermeasures to promote the upgrading of innovation value chain from different angles, so as to promote the large and medium scale in China. The overall improvement of the innovation efficiency of the manufacturing enterprises.
Through the evaluation of the innovation efficiency of China's large and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises, on the one hand, the theoretical model of the innovation value chain is verified. On the other hand, the development status of the large and medium manufacturing enterprises in China and the differences between regions are analyzed, and the factors that affect the efficiency of innovation are found, which provides a reference for the overall improvement of the efficiency of industrial innovation. Sexual opinions have strong theoretical and practical research value.

【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F273.1;F426.4

【参考文献】