X公司机加车间单元布局设计研究

发布时间：2018-04-23 06:36

本文选题：车间布局 + 单元制造　；参考：《吉林大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：在全球化经济的时代背景下，制造业正面临着多方面的挑战，如何能够对企业实施有效的管理，同时能够最大限度地提高客户满意度已经逐渐成为了企业发展的出发点与目标。制造系统的设施规划作为一个战略问题越来越多的受到制造企业的关注，虽然其费用有时只占总投资的2%~10%,但是它对整个系统的运行所起的作用却是不可估量的，一个良好的设施规划的设计不仅能够提高物料搬运的效率、减少物料搬运中的浪费，而且能够在提高人员的工作效率，继而提高整个生产系统效率。车间布局作为制造系统设施布局问题的一部分对整个制造系统都至关重要，本文的研究对象X公司是一家矿山机械制造企业，现正在筹建新厂，对工厂的总体布局工作已经结束，本文的工作是对机加车间进行布局设计。X公司老厂有大小两个机加车间，新厂需将两个车间的所有设备整合到一起并重新布局，在对老厂的实地调研过程中发现其车间的设备采用的是传统的机群式布置方式，所以物流路径混乱且不利于现场的生产管理，在制造业已经从“卖方”市场转向“买方”市场的今天，如何最大限度地满足客户需求已经成为了企业的最终目标，单元制这种生产方式因其能够很好地适应需求变化的市场环境而广泛应用于多品种小批量生产制造企业之中，并成为他们提高生产柔性的有效手段。 X公司的矿山机械产品种类丰富，采取订单生产的拉动式生产模式，满足多品种小批量的加工方式，所以本文对其机加车间进行单元布局设计，并将单元布局设计分为两步：单元构建和单元系统布局。针对单元构建工作，不同于传统的基于零件-机器矩阵的构建方式，本文提出了在单元构建工作中同时考虑设备的分组以及设备在单元内部布局的集成单元构建模型，为不失一般性，，采用线型的单元内部的设备布局方式，即在设计时会获得单元内物流搬运距离。考虑到单元构建模型的NP-难的特性，传统的方法难以求解，本文选定遗传算法对该模型进行求解，为避免产生非法解，对于染色体编码进行了修正，最后单元的分组与单元内部设备布局同时输出。第二步完成单元系统布局设计，即确定各个单元在车间中的布局位置，本文将多行设备布局的模型应用于单元系统布局设计之中，首先根据上一章中的关于单元构建的结果，计算出每个单元的面积以及单元之间的物流量，然后以车间尺寸的限制，单元不能重合作为约束条件，利用遗传算法对模型进行求解，并利用自动换行技术对其布局问题进行二维优化。
[Abstract]:Under the background of global economy, manufacturing industry is facing many challenges. How to effectively manage enterprises and improve customer satisfaction has gradually become the starting point and goal of enterprise development. As a strategic problem, the facility planning of manufacturing system has been paid more and more attention by manufacturing enterprises. Although its cost sometimes accounts for only 210% of the total investment, its effect on the operation of the whole system is incalculable. The design of a good facility planning can not only improve the efficiency of material handling and reduce the waste of material handling, but also improve the working efficiency of personnel, and then improve the efficiency of the whole production system. As a part of the layout of manufacturing system facilities, workshop layout is very important to the whole manufacturing system. The research object of this paper is X Company, a mining machinery manufacturing enterprise, which is now planning to build a new factory. The overall layout of the factory has been completed. The work of this paper is to design the layout of the machine processing workshop. The old factory of X Company has two machine and addition workshops, and the new plant needs to integrate all the equipment of the two workshops together and rearrange the layout. In the field investigation of the old factory, it is found that the equipment in the workshop adopts the traditional cluster layout mode, so the logistics path is chaotic and is not conducive to the production management on the spot. In the manufacturing industry has changed from "seller" market to "buyer" market today, how to meet the needs of customers to the maximum extent has become the ultimate goal of enterprises, The production mode of unit system is widely used in many kinds of small batch manufacturing enterprises because it can adapt to the changing market environment and become an effective means to improve the flexibility of production. The mining machinery products of X Company are rich in variety and adopt the pull production mode of order production to satisfy the processing mode of many varieties and small batches, so this paper designs the unit layout of the machine processing workshop. The unit layout design is divided into two steps: unit construction and unit system layout. In order to solve the problem of unit building, different from the traditional part-machine matrix, this paper proposes an integrated unit building model which takes into account the grouping of devices and the layout of devices within the unit. In order to avoid generality, the equipment layout of the unit is linear, that is to say, the material handling distance within the unit will be obtained when the unit is designed. Considering the characteristic of NP-difficulty in the unit building model, the traditional method is difficult to solve. In this paper, genetic algorithm is selected to solve the model. In order to avoid the illegal solution, the chromosome coding is modified. Finally, the group of the unit is outputted simultaneously with the device layout inside the unit. The second step is to complete the layout design of the unit system, that is, to determine the layout position of each unit in the workshop. In this paper, the model of the multi-row device layout is applied to the layout design of the unit system. Firstly, according to the results of the unit construction in the previous chapter, The area of each unit and the material flow between the units are calculated. Then the model is solved by genetic algorithm, which is limited by the size of the workshop, and the element can not be overlapped as the constraint condition. The two-dimensional layout problem is optimized by automatic line-changing technique.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH181

【引证文献】