装载机销轴再制造性评估及修复技术研究

发布时间：2018-04-24 02:03

本文选题：装载机 + 再制造　；参考：《青岛理工大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：装载机是世界上用量最大的工程机械之一，据初步估计，2010年全国装载机销售量超过20万台。销轴是装载机的关键件也是易损件，工作装置中各个部位的连接基本都是靠销轴铰接在一起，销轴在工作中起着传递动力和扭矩的作用，其数量多易于批量生产。由于装载机一般工作在铁路、建筑、矿山等建设工程环境中，工作环境恶劣，直接影响着销轴的使用寿命。销轴失效会影响装载机的工作稳定性和准确性，如卸载高度、卸载距离达不到要求、甚至整机瘫痪等一系列严重问题。本文围绕装载机的失效销轴再制造性评估及其修复技术两方面展开研究，具体研究内容如下： (1)通过建立基于有限元分析和动力学仿真的疲劳寿命模型，预测零件在最大载荷下的疲劳寿命，疲劳寿命减去服役疲劳损伤积累得到的最大载荷下的当量寿命，从而得到零件的剩余疲劳寿命。 (2)建立失效销轴的再制造性评估模型，确定剩余疲劳寿命、材料性能、失效性、回收价值性等4个基本特性指标，以及修复工艺性、经济性、环境性等3个重要指标。根据销轴的失效特点给每个指标分配一定的权重，通过一定的计算方案得到再制造性综合评估指标。通过实例，说明再制造性评估模型的有效性。 (3)对具有再制造价值销轴进行电弧喷涂和氧-乙炔火焰喷焊两种工艺方法修复。通过比较涂层的表面硬度、耐磨性、表面形貌及成本分析等方面得出氧-乙炔火焰喷焊的涂层性能较电弧喷涂的优良，但它的修复量较小，，对于修复量较大的失效销轴宜采用电弧喷涂。针对测试结果提出了改善涂层性能的部分措施。本文通过建立销轴的再制造性评估模型，对失效销轴进行再制造性评估，根据评估结果采取既经济又能满足其使用要求的再制造工艺方法，并通过一系列实验验证所选工艺方法的有效性。这一研究过程具有一定的推广意义。
[Abstract]:Loader is one of the most expensive construction machinery in the world. According to preliminary estimate, the sales of loaders in China exceeded 200000 units in 2010. The pin shaft is the key part of the loader and is also the easily damaged part. The connection of all parts of the working device is basically hinged by the pin shaft. The pin shaft plays the role of transmitting power and torque in the work, and the quantity of the pin shaft is easy to be produced in batches. As loaders generally work in railway, building, mining and other construction engineering environment, the working environment is bad, which directly affects the service life of pin shaft. The failure of pin shaft will affect the working stability and accuracy of the loader, such as unloading height, unload distance can not reach the requirement, even the whole machine is paralyzed and a series of serious problems. This paper focuses on the remanufacturing evaluation and repair technology of the failed pin shaft of the loader. The specific research contents are as follows: 1) the fatigue life model based on finite element analysis and dynamic simulation is established to predict the fatigue life of parts under the maximum load, and the equivalent life of the component under the maximum load less the accumulated fatigue damage in service. Thus, the residual fatigue life of the parts is obtained. 2) establishing the remanufacturing evaluation model of failure pin shaft, determining four basic characteristic indexes, such as residual fatigue life, material performance, failure property and recovery value, as well as three important indexes, such as repair process, economy and environment. According to the failure characteristics of pin shaft, a certain weight is assigned to each index, and the comprehensive evaluation index of remanufacturing is obtained by a certain calculation scheme. An example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the remanufacturing evaluation model. The remanufacturing value pin shaft is repaired by arc spraying and oxygen acetylene flame spraying. By comparing the surface hardness, wear resistance, surface morphology and cost analysis of the coating, it is concluded that the coating performance of the oxygen-acetylene flame spray welding is better than that of the arc spraying, but the repair amount of the coating is smaller. Arc spraying should be used for failure pin shaft with large repair amount. Based on the test results, some measures to improve the coating properties are put forward. In this paper, the remanufacturing evaluation model of the pin shaft is established to evaluate the remanufacturing performance of the failure pin shaft. According to the evaluation results, the remanufacturing process method, which is economical and meets the requirements of the remanufacturing shaft, is adopted. A series of experiments were carried out to verify the effectiveness of the method. This research process has certain popularizing significance.
【学位授予单位】：青岛理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：TH243

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