Wa700型装载机工作装置的动力学仿真及静力学有限元分析

发布时间：2018-04-25 11:47

本文选题：刚柔耦合 + 动臂　；参考：《内蒙古科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：用于装运物料的工程机械设备有很多种，，而装载机是其中应用最为广泛和普遍的一种，在多种场合都可以看见它的身影。由于用途广泛，应用场合较多，所以装载机会经历在多种繁重、复杂工况下的工作。而多种繁重、复杂工况也会在不同程度上体现在装载机相应零件的损坏的情况，这就对装载机的适应性和其相应的可靠性提出了更严峻的要求。同时，装载机整体而言其工作装置更是直接面对物料以及多种复杂情况进行作业，所以工作装置的工作可靠性成为了装载机设计工作中最为重要的一部分。而针对其重要性，需要对工作装置进行更加深入的研究。研究所使用的方法主要为对工作装置的动力学仿真分析及静力学的有限元分析，找到相应的不可靠的位置，经行优化对以提高装载机作业效率及安全性。本课题以Wa700型装载机工作装置为例，经行相应的动静相结合的分析方法，找出设计中的缺陷点，根据所得到的分析结果结合相关的设计标准、技术要求及生产实际中的发现，对工作装置的相依的零部件进行了优化，改善了工作装置的零部件的设计方案。据此开展一下几方面的工作： 1、根据三维实体模型建立及简化的相应的理论，结合动力学仿真和有限元分析的模型的需要，通过UG建立装载机工作装置的动臂、摇臂及连杆等模型。根据实际的装配情况，对模型零件进行相应的装配，为装载机工作装置的动力学仿真和有限元分析研究完成前期的准备。 2、根据研究需要结合装载机的实际情况，进行了工作装置作业流程及相应的工作状况的分析，筛选出相应的可能出现危险的典型工作状况。同时，分析并计算了装载机在一个完整的工作循环中受到的外载荷的力，得到装载机受到的偏载情况和正载情况的力的大小。 3、根据多体动力学和虚拟样机的相关理论，结合使用已经建立好的三维模型，动力学仿真软件ADASM和有限元仿真软件ANSYS，建立装载机工作装置的刚柔耦合模型，其中最为主要的动臂、摇臂和连杆为柔形体。完成了动力学仿真分析，获得了工作装置的相应零件的动力学受力的实时的数据分析，同时可以更直观的看到动臂、摇臂和连杆的应力应变图。 4、根据有限元分析的相关理论结合前面的分析结果，使用ANSYS Workbench对工作装置的核心部件动臂和连杆进行静力学分析，得到了动臂和连杆各自在正载和偏载的情况下产生的应力和应变。再结合前面的动力学分析，找到动臂和连杆各自的危险区域。 5、根据机械设计优化原理结合动力学仿真分析结果和有限元静力学分析结果，进行了装载机工作装置动臂和连杆的优化，并对工作装置动臂和连杆的优化结果进行再次的分析验证。
[Abstract]:There are many kinds of construction machinery and equipment used to transport materials, and loader is one of the most widely used and widely used, it can be seen in a variety of occasions. Because of its wide application and many applications, the loader will experience many heavy and complicated working conditions. Many kinds of heavy and complex working conditions will also be reflected in different degrees of damage to the relevant parts of the loader, which puts forward a more severe requirement for the adaptability of the loader and its corresponding reliability. At the same time, the working device of the loader as a whole is directly facing the material and a variety of complex situations to work, so the working reliability of the working device has become the most important part of the loader design work. In view of its importance, it is necessary to do more in-depth research on the working device. The main methods used in the research are dynamic simulation analysis of the working device and finite element analysis of the statics to find the corresponding unreliable position and optimize the operation efficiency and safety of the loader. Taking the working device of Wa700 loader as an example, the paper finds out the defect points in the design by combining the analysis method with the corresponding dynamic and static analysis, and combines the relevant design standards, technical requirements and the findings in the production practice according to the analysis results obtained. The dependent parts of the working device are optimized and the design scheme of the parts is improved. Accordingly, the following areas of work have been carried out: 1. According to the corresponding theory of establishing and simplifying 3D solid model, combined with the need of dynamic simulation and finite element analysis model, the moving arm, rocker arm and connecting rod of loader working device are established by UG. According to the actual assembly conditions, the corresponding assembly of the model parts is carried out, which completes the preliminary preparation for the dynamic simulation and the finite element analysis of the working device of the loader. 2.According to the actual situation of the loader, the working flow of the working device and the corresponding working condition are analyzed, and the typical working conditions which may appear dangerous are screened out. At the same time, the external load force of the loader in a complete working cycle is analyzed and calculated, and the biasing load and the positive load force of the loader are obtained. 3. According to the theory of multi-body dynamics and virtual prototyping, the rigid-flexible coupling model of loader working device is established by using the established three-dimensional model, dynamics simulation software ADASM and finite element simulation software ANSYS. The main arm, rocker arm and connecting rod are flexible bodies. The dynamic simulation analysis is completed, and the real-time data analysis of the dynamic force of the corresponding parts of the working device is obtained. At the same time, the stress-strain diagram of the moving arm, rocker arm and connecting rod can be seen more intuitively. 4According to the relevant theory of finite element analysis and the results of the previous analysis, ANSYS Workbench is used to carry out the static analysis of the moving arm and connecting rod of the core components of the working device. The stress and strain of the moving arm and the connecting rod are obtained under the positive load and the eccentric load, respectively. Combined with the previous dynamic analysis, the moving arm and the link are found to be the respective danger zone. 5. According to the optimization principle of mechanical design and the result of dynamic simulation and finite element static analysis, the working arm and connecting rod of loader are optimized. The optimization results of the working arm and connecting rod are analyzed and verified again.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TH243

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