车载高压天然气钢瓶的结构优化

发布时间：2018-05-01 22:50

本文选题：CNG气瓶 + ANSYS　；参考：《浙江工业大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：采用压缩天然气(CNG)作为汽车燃料,是一种经济而有效的节能和环保措施,在国内外得到迅速推广应用,并充分显示出其在经济、节能和环保方面的优越性及较好的发展前景。虽然CNG技术的使用有非常严格的措施和标准保证安全,但天然气本身属于一级易燃、甲级防爆的危险品,CNG气瓶的应用和储存中应特别注意安全使用。近年来先后发生了多起CNG储气钢瓶(包括站用瓶和车用瓶)爆炸事故,产生了很大的负面效应。CNG气瓶是汽车使用的移动式储气设备,在保证其安全性的同时减轻重量既可以减少企业气瓶成本又可以减少一定的油耗给汽车用户带来经济效益达到双赢作用,所以CNG气瓶结构优化的一个重要目标就是保证安全的前提下减轻气瓶重量。因此本文对CNG气瓶的结构安全与结构优化设计进行了研究,主要的研究内容如下： (1)通过对各个规格的CNG气瓶的水压爆破试验获得爆破压力,均大于其设计最小爆破压力(45MPa)。气瓶爆破后均无碎片产生,爆破口位置均处于气瓶筒体部位中下端处,断裂形式为塑性断裂,有明显剪切唇,检查断口金属均无表面缺陷。通过ANSYS对各个规格气瓶进行结构应力分析模拟出气瓶在不同压力值下的应力分布。比较分析了气瓶模拟爆破压力值与试验爆破压力值,得出该模拟方法可用于工程上计算气瓶最小爆破压力。 (2)通过对各个规格气瓶的水压疲劳试验获得了气瓶在不同应力幅值下的的疲劳试验寿命。根据试验结果拟合了该材料CNG气瓶的疲劳计算曲线,计算了各个规格气瓶在试验压力下的疲劳寿命。 (3)通过ANSYS对各个规格气瓶进行结构优化分析。在保证气瓶疲劳寿命和最小爆破压力值的前提下对气瓶结构进行了优化,使得其应力分布更为合理,疲劳寿命统一,并且一定程度的减轻气瓶重量,经济效益明显。
[Abstract]:Using CNG as automobile fuel is an economical and effective energy saving and environmental protection measure, which has been rapidly popularized and applied at home and abroad, and has shown its advantages in economy, energy saving and environmental protection and good development prospects. Although the use of CNG technology has very strict measures and standards to ensure safety, but natural gas itself belongs to the first class flammable, class A anti-explosion dangerous goods in the application and storage should pay special attention to the safe use. In recent years, there have been many explosion accidents of CNG gas cylinders (including station cylinders and vehicle cylinders), which have a great negative effect. CNG gas cylinders are mobile gas storage equipment used in automobiles. While ensuring its safety, reducing the weight can not only reduce the cost of the gas cylinder of the enterprise, but also reduce the fuel consumption to bring economic benefits to the automobile users to achieve a win-win effect. Therefore, one of the important objectives of CNG cylinder structure optimization is to reduce the cylinder weight while ensuring safety. Therefore, the structural safety and structural optimization design of CNG cylinders are studied in this paper. The main research contents are as follows: 1) the blasting pressure is obtained by hydraulic blasting test of CNG cylinders of various specifications, which is higher than the minimum blasting pressure of 45 MPA / a. There are no fragments in the cylinder after blasting. The location of the blasting mouth is at the lower end of the cylinder body. The fracture form is plastic fracture, there is obvious cut lip, and there is no surface defect in the inspection of the fracture surface metal. The stress distribution of gas cylinders under different pressure values is simulated by structural stress analysis of gas cylinders of various specifications by ANSYS. In this paper, the simulated blasting pressure of gas cylinder is compared with that of experimental blasting pressure, and it is concluded that this simulation method can be used to calculate the minimum blasting pressure of gas cylinder in engineering. 2) the fatigue life of gas cylinders under different stress amplitudes is obtained by hydraulic fatigue test. According to the test results, the fatigue calculation curve of the CNG cylinder is fitted, and the fatigue life of the gas cylinders of various specifications under the test pressure is calculated. ANSYS is used to optimize the structure of gas cylinders. On the premise of ensuring the fatigue life of gas cylinder and the minimum blasting pressure, the structure of gas cylinder is optimized, which makes the distribution of stress more reasonable, the fatigue life is unified, and the weight of gas cylinder is reduced to a certain extent, and the economic benefit is obvious.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：TH49

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