履带起重机转台与下车分析方法研究

发布时间：2018-05-04 23:24

本文选题：履带起重机 + 转台　；参考：《吉林大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：履带起重机是将起重作业部分安装在履带底盘上，行走依靠履带装置的流动式起重机。随着近年来国内石油、化工和能源生产设施、基建等方面的投入不断加大，对大型吊装设备的需求也越来越大。履带起重机具有可以带载行驶、臂长组合形式多、起重性能好、作业高度和幅度大等多项优势，迎合了市场的需求，市场容量迅速上升，国内履带起重机生产企业抓住机遇在近几年得到了迅速发展。转台和下车是履带起重机的基础，也是受力最大最复杂的系统，其重量大约占整车重量的30％以上。随着履带起重机逐渐向大吨位发展，整车重量相应增加，，转台与下车需要承受的负载不断加大，对转台和下车的结构强度要求也就越来越高，目前使用的履带起重机就曾出现过螺栓松动、底座变形等问题，并由于下车强度不够出现过严重事故，造成了巨大的经济损失，同时大吨位履带起重机的转场运输费用占了其使用成本不可忽视的一部分，而刚度强度过剩会导致整车重量增加，增大其转场运输成本，间接影响其市场竞争力，面对现在这种形势对转台和下车进行深入的结构分析在当前显得尤为迫切。论文完成的主要工作有： 1.介绍了履带起重机的研究课题来源与背景，并对履带起重机国内外发展状况和国内关于履带起重机的研究现状进行了总结与介绍。阐明了对履带车转台和下车进行深入的有限元分析的理论意义与现实意义。 2.对市场上所使用的履带起重机转台和下车各部件的功能和主要结构形式进行了介绍，利用HyperMesh软件根据各个部件的受力特点生成了转台和下车各部件有限元简化模型。 3.利用目前主要使用的转台与下车单独计算分析方法对履带起重机的转台和下车进行了有限元分析并对计算结果进行了分析总结。 4.由于转台和车架单算时回转支承附近结构的应力与真实值有较大差别，提出了一种转台和车架整体组装计算进行有限元分析的方法。主要通过建立简化的三排滚柱回转支承有限元模型，然后通过合理的方式将转台和下车有限元模型装配在一起整体进行分析。 5.对比了转台与下车单独计算和转台与下车整体组装计算两种计算方法结果上得差异，并且为了验证有限元计算结果的准确性对履带起重机转台和下车进行了应力测试，测试结果表明组装计算时，转台和车架在回转支承附近区域结构与真实值较为接近，而单独计算时回转支承附近区域结构与真实值有很大差距，这也证明了转台和下车整体组装计算的必要性。 6.最后利用转台与下车整体组装计算的计算方法结合ANSYS优化模块对履带起重机的转台进行了结构修改与板厚优化减重，取得了很好的减重效果。本文利用HyperMesh和ANSYS软件相结合处理实际问题，对回转支承进行合理的简化，并利用APDL语言建立回转支承有限元简化模型，从而实现转台和下车整体组装计算的结构分析方法可同样适用于带回转支承的结构类似的工程设备如塔式起重机、汽车起重机、挖掘机等，为类似结构的分析提供了一定参考。
[Abstract]:Crawler crane is a mobile crane which installs the lifting operation part on the caterpillar chassis and walks with the crawler. With the domestic oil, chemical and energy production facilities, the investment in infrastructure and other aspects is increasing in recent years, the demand for large hoisting equipment is becoming more and more large. The crawler crane has the capacity of carrying, the arm length group. It has many advantages, such as many forms, good lifting performance, high operation height and large range, which cater to the demand of the market, the market capacity is rising rapidly, and the domestic caterpillar crane enterprises seize the opportunity in recent years to develop rapidly.
Turning and getting off are the foundation of caterpillar crane and the most complicated system with the maximum and most complex force, its weight accounts for more than 30% of the weight of the whole vehicle. As the crawler crane gradually develops to large tonnage, the weight of the whole vehicle increases correspondingly, the load required for the turntable and the train is increasing, and the structural strength requirements for the turntable and the train are becoming more and more demanding. At present, there have been problems of loosening of bolts and deformation of the base of the caterpillar crane used now, and caused great economic losses due to the insufficient intensity of the train, and the transfer cost of the large tonnage crawler crane accounts for a part of its use cost, and the excess stiffness will lead to the whole vehicle. In the face of the present situation, it is particularly urgent to analyze the structural analysis of the turntable and the train, which is increasing, increasing the transport cost of the transfer field and indirectly affecting its market competitiveness.
The main tasks completed in this paper are as follows:
1. introduced the research source and background of crawler crane, and summarized and introduced the development of crawler crane at home and abroad and the research status of crawler crane in China. The theoretical and practical significance of the deep finite element analysis for the turntable and car of the caterpillar truck was expounded.
2. the function and main structural forms of the crawler crane turntable and the parts of the car used in the market are introduced. The simplified model of the finite element of the turntable and the parts of the car is generated by the HyperMesh software.
3. the finite element analysis of the turntable and getting off of the caterpillar crane is carried out by using the main turntable and the separate calculation and analysis method, and the calculation results are analyzed and summarized.
4. due to the great difference between the stress and the real value of the structure near the turntable and the frame, a method of finite element analysis is put forward for the turntable and the frame assembly calculation. The finite element model of the simplified three row roller slewing support is mainly established, then the turntable and the finite element model of the car are set in a reasonable way. Assembled together to analyze the whole.
5. compared the difference between the two calculation methods of the turntable and the separate calculation of the train and the overall assembly calculation of the train, and in order to verify the accuracy of the calculation results of the finite element, the stress test of the turntable and the train of the crawler crane is tested. The test results show that the structure of the turntable and the frame in the vicinity of the rotating support is shown in the assembly calculation. It is close to the real value, but there is a big gap between the regional structure and the real value near the rotating support in the single calculation. It also proves the necessity of the overall assembly calculation of the turntable and the train.
6. finally, using the calculation method of the turntable and the overall assembly calculation of the car, the structure modification of the crawler crane and the weight reduction of the plate thickness are carried out with the ANSYS optimization module, and a good weight reduction effect has been obtained.
This paper makes use of HyperMesh and ANSYS software to deal with practical problems, make rational simplification of rotary support, and establish a simplified finite element model of rotary support by using APDL language, so as to realize the structural analysis method of the turntable and the overall assembly calculation of the train, which can also be applied to the similar engineering equipment, such as tower type, which is back to the supporting structure. Cranes, truck cranes and excavators provide a reference for the analysis of similar structures.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH213.7

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