滚动轴承振动信号在线分析系统

发布时间：2018-05-06 15:18

本文选题：滚动轴承 + 振动信号　；参考：《河南科技大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：振动能够综合反映轴承的动态性能,已成为衡量轴承加工质量的最重要指标之一,在轴承装配线上通过振动检测来保证产品质量,已经受到轴承企业的普遍重视。然而,当前我国轴承测振仪的结构复杂,而且功能简单,需要依靠检测员监听轴承音质来辅助判断轴承质量是否合格,这种方法检测可靠性不高且效率低下,已不能满足轴承工业大批量生产的要求。本文在深入研究轴承振动机理和测振方法的基础上,采用虚拟仪器技术,设计了一套由BVT-1A型轴承测振仪、NI公司的USB-6009数据采集卡、计算机和报警电路等组成的滚动轴承振动信号在线分析系统。系统通过USB-6009数据采集卡将BVT-1A型测振仪获得的振动信号引入计算机,然后以LabVIEW作为开发平台设计了系统的软件结构,用DAQmax和LabVIEW自带的信号处理子函数实现了对振动信号的采集和分析;若分析结果表明轴承振动不合格,系统会自动报警,而且系统还能够完成数据回放、存储、打印等功能。另外,针对传统振动信号处理方法的不足,本文采用了一些新的算法来提高振动信号分析系统的检测精度,例如,在时域内,根据故障轴承振动信号表现的冲击脉冲特性以及概率统计学上的3σ准则,求得解调有效值因数和异音脉冲数两个新参数,并结合有效值来判断轴承是否存在故障。若轴承有故障,在频域内,通过Savitzky-Golay滤波器来降低振动信号中高频噪声的干扰;采用基于能量算子解调的细化包络频谱和倒频谱分析法,以及组合窗STFT时频分析方法提取出轴承振动信号中包含的故障特征频率,与理论故障频率对比即可判断出故障的发生部位。最后以装配线上的深沟球轴承进行了现场测振实验。实验结果表明该系统能够快速、可靠地检验轴承振动质量,而且具有升级维护方便、开发周期短、界面友好等优点。该系统不仅扩展了BVT-1A型轴承振动测量仪的功能,而且考虑到工业生产柔性化的需要,在软件编制、硬件设计时根据现场工况要求,使一套系统可以对多种型号的轴承进行检测。
[Abstract]:Vibration can comprehensively reflect the dynamic performance of bearing, and it has become one of the most important indexes to measure the machining quality of bearing. In the assembly line of bearing, the product quality can be guaranteed by vibration detection, which has been paid more and more attention by bearing enterprises. However, at present, the structure of bearing vibration measuring instrument in our country is complex, and its function is simple, so it is necessary to rely on the monitor to monitor the sound quality of bearing to judge whether the bearing quality is up to standard. This method has low reliability and low efficiency. Can not meet the bearing industry mass production requirements. Based on the deep study of bearing vibration mechanism and vibration measurement method, a set of USB-6009 data acquisition card by BVT-1A bearing vibration measuring instrument and NI company is designed by using virtual instrument technology in this paper. The on-line analysis system of rolling bearing vibration signal is composed of computer and alarm circuit. Through USB-6009 data acquisition card, the vibration signal obtained by BVT-1A vibration measuring instrument is introduced into the computer, and then the software structure of the system is designed with LabVIEW as the development platform. The signal processing sub-function of DAQmax and LabVIEW is used to collect and analyze the vibration signal. If the analysis results show that the bearing vibration is not up to standard, the system will alarm automatically, and the system can also complete the functions of data playback, storage, printing and so on. In addition, in view of the shortcomings of the traditional vibration signal processing methods, this paper adopts some new algorithms to improve the detection accuracy of the vibration signal analysis system, for example, in the time domain, According to the impulse characteristic of the vibration signal of the fault bearing and the 3 蟽 criterion of probability and statistics, two new parameters of demodulation RMS factor and abnormal pulse number are obtained, and the RMS value is combined to judge whether the bearing has fault or not. In the frequency domain, the Savitzky-Golay filter is used to reduce the interference of the high frequency noise in the vibration signal if the bearing is out of order, and the detailed envelope spectrum and cepstrum analysis method based on the energy operator demodulation is used. The fault characteristic frequency of bearing vibration signal is extracted by the combined window STFT time-frequency analysis method, and the fault location can be determined by comparing with the theoretical fault frequency. Finally, the field vibration measurement experiment was carried out with the deep groove ball bearing on the assembly line. The experimental results show that the system can test the bearing vibration quality quickly and reliably, and has the advantages of easy to upgrade and maintenance, short development period, friendly interface and so on. The system not only extends the function of BVT-1A bearing vibration measuring instrument, but also takes into account the need of flexibility in industrial production. According to the requirements of field working conditions, a set of system can be used to detect various types of bearings in the design of software and hardware.
【学位授予单位】：河南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：TH133.33

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