轮式装载机作业减振分析研究

发布时间：2018-05-07 20:32

本文选题：轮式装载机 + 耦合减振系统　；参考：《太原科技大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：轮式装载机是工程机械中应用很频繁的一种机械,其性能的好坏直接关系着工程建设的速度、效率及成本的支出。轮式装载机经常在不平路面上行驶,它的工作环境比较恶劣,当轮式装载机在行驶过程时,工作装置及物料会对由于路面不平及障碍物做出一定的反应,进而会引起整机的振动,严重时会产生俯仰振动;当轮式装载机在进行中长距离作业时,无法衰减由于高速行驶而引起的振动,严重影响了轮式装载机的效率,即限制了轮式装载机高速、高效的发展。本文的研究的目的是为针对减小轮式装载机铲斗内物料的撒落及给整机带来振动的影响而开发一套液压耦合减振系统。一般的轮式装载机在行驶作业过程中,其工作装置和车架之间近似刚性连接,加入减振系统之后它们之间不再是刚性连接,可以有效地减小物料的撒落、减小整机的振动及可以缓解司机操作人员的疲劳。本文研究的内容主要包括:针对不同装载质量的装载机,在分析现有系统的基础上,根据其工作原理及振动理论,建立整机振动模型,分析耦合减振系统的刚性特性和阻尼特性,建立数学模型,利用MATLAB编程、绘图研究减振系统的刚度与蓄能器初始充气压力和体积、装载机装载质量及举升动臂油缸伸缩长度之间的关系,并提出了通过改变蓄能器初始充气压力是改变减振系统刚性特性的最简便、有效的方法;根据《GB7031—86车辆振动输入路面平度表示方法》,建立了各种路面激励的表达式;采用虚拟样机理论和技术,利用造型功能强大的三维软件Pro/E和专业动力学仿真软件ADAMS,根据不同的路面激励,采用谐波叠加激励和随机路面激励多种激励方式对整机振动实体模型进行了仿真分析;最后对仿真结果进行了合理性、准确性分析,说明建立的耦合减振系统对工程实际具有一定的指导意义。
[Abstract]:Wheel loader is a kind of machinery which is used frequently in construction machinery. Its performance is directly related to the speed, efficiency and cost of engineering construction. Wheel loaders often travel on rough roads, and their working environment is rather bad. When wheel loaders are in the process of running, the working devices and materials will react to the uneven roads and obstacles. Then the vibration of the whole machine will be caused, and the pitching vibration will occur when the wheel loader is in the middle and long distance operation, and the vibration caused by the high speed driving can not be attenuated, which seriously affects the efficiency of the wheel loader. That is to say, the high speed and high efficiency development of wheel loader is limited. The purpose of this paper is to develop a set of hydraulic coupling vibration absorption system in order to reduce the drop of material in the bucket of wheel loader and the effect of vibration on the whole machine. The general wheel loader is approximately rigid connection between the working device and the frame during the driving operation. After adding the vibration absorption system, the connection between them is no longer rigid, which can effectively reduce the drop of the material. Reduce the vibration of the whole machine and reduce the fatigue of the driver operator. The main contents of this paper are as follows: based on the analysis of the existing system, the vibration model of the whole loader is established according to its working principle and vibration theory. The stiffness and damping characteristics of the coupled damping system are analyzed, and the mathematical model is established. The stiffness of the damping system and the initial inflatable pressure and volume of the accumulator are studied by using MATLAB programming. The relationship between the loading mass of the loader and the extension length of the lift arm oil cylinder is put forward. The most simple and effective method to change the rigidity characteristic of the vibration absorber system is to change the initial inflatable pressure of the accumulator. According to "expression method of GB7031-86 vehicle Vibration input pavement flatness", various expressions of road surface excitation are established, and virtual prototype theory and technology are adopted. Based on the 3D software Pro/E and the professional dynamic simulation software Adams, the vibration entity model of the whole machine is simulated and analyzed by harmonic superposition excitation and random pavement excitation according to the different road surface excitation. Finally, the rationality and accuracy of the simulation results are analyzed, which shows that the coupled vibration absorption system has a certain guiding significance for engineering practice.
【学位授予单位】：太原科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：TH243

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