离心泵内部流动分析与蜗壳优化研究

发布时间：2018-05-11 16:01

本文选题：离心泵 + 蜗壳　；参考：《大连理工大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：流体机械的种类有很多,泵类产品是其中最常用的一类,它们在传输液体工质方面发挥着重要的作用。离心泵体积一般比较小,但是却可以具有较高的转速,并且运行稳定,因此常被用于发电、石油、化工、等工业领域。但是泵类产品在发挥作用的同时,也消耗着巨大的能源,并且其自身的效率也不高。由此可以看出,自主设计研发泵类产品将会对我国工业经济的发展、能源消耗的减少具有重大的意义。其中蜗壳是离心泵静止元件中最重要的部分,由于流动工质是有粘性的,因此液体与固壁之间必然会有摩擦力的存存在,所以也就有能量损失的存在。此外,蜗壳内部流动的好坏还会直接影响到与之连接的叶轮等核心部件,从而影响叶轮运转的可靠性。因此在设计中对这个重要过流部件决不可掉以轻心,这是因为蜗壳设计的优劣,对水泵整体性能和效率指标会有很大的影响。本文研究的对象是沈鼓集团自主设计的余热排出泵模型。本文从流体动力学理论基础出发,对离心泵的整体工作性能进行分析。利用商用软件Pro/E和IGG对离心泵叶轮、导叶、蜗壳进行了三维建模和网格划分,然后利用商用CFD软件对离心泵进行全流道多工况的数值模拟计算,详细的分析了原模型内部流动的特征。针对分析结果,指出导致该离心泵效率低的主要原因在于蜗壳设计不合理。然后提出多种蜗壳优化设计的建议和改进的方法,并对其进行变工况的数值检验计算,最终使得整机效率提高了7%,效果显著。研究表明,不同断面形式和大小的蜗壳会对离心泵内部流动特性产生影响；非对称截面蜗壳可以获得更加均匀的周向速度和压力分布,可以有效的减小损失；蜗舌与导叶间存在一种相对位置,二者合适的位置会对整机的性能产生一定的影响。本文关于离心泵的研究为蜗壳流场分析与结构优化提供了参考价值。研究所得出的设计经验对今后离心泵设计和优化改进等相关工作奠定了坚实的基础,具有十分重要的指导意义。
[Abstract]:There are many kinds of fluid machinery, pump products are the most commonly used, they play an important role in the transport of liquid working fluids. The centrifugal pump is generally small in volume, but it can have high rotational speed and stable operation, so it is often used in the fields of power generation, petroleum, chemical industry and so on. But pump products also consume huge energy, and their own efficiency is not high. It can be seen that the independent design and development of pump products will be of great significance to the development of China's industrial economy and the reduction of energy consumption. The volute is the most important part of the static component of the centrifugal pump. Because the fluid is viscous, there must be friction between the liquid and the solid wall, so there is energy loss. In addition, the flow in the volute will directly affect the impeller and other core components, thus affecting the reliability of the impeller operation. Therefore, the design of this important over-flow part should not be taken lightly, this is because the design of the volute will have a great impact on the overall performance and efficiency of the pump. The research object of this paper is the model of waste heat discharge pump designed by Shengu Group. Based on the theory of fluid dynamics, the whole performance of centrifugal pump is analyzed in this paper. The three-dimensional modeling and meshing of impeller, guide vane and volute of centrifugal pump are carried out by using commercial software Pro/E and IGG. Then, the numerical simulation of centrifugal pump under multi-working conditions is carried out by using commercial CFD software. The characteristics of internal flow in the original model are analyzed in detail. It is pointed out that the main reason for the low efficiency of the centrifugal pump is the unreasonable design of the volute. Then several suggestions and improved methods for optimal design of volute are put forward, and the numerical results of variable working conditions are carried out. Finally, the efficiency of the whole machine is improved by 7%, and the effect is remarkable. The results show that the volute with different cross section and size will affect the flow characteristics of centrifugal pump, and the asymmetric section volute can obtain more uniform circumferential velocity and pressure distribution, which can effectively reduce the loss. There is a relative position between the cochlear tongue and the guide vane. The research on centrifugal pump in this paper provides reference value for volute flow field analysis and structure optimization. The design experience obtained from the study lays a solid foundation for the design and optimization of centrifugal pump in the future, and has a very important guiding significance.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH311

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