基于ADAMS的起重机啃轨因素分析

发布时间：2018-05-27 03:00

本文选题：起重机 + 啃轨　；参考：《江苏科技大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：啃轨现象是起重机使用过程中的三大顽疾之一，啃轨是指起重机的大车或小车在运行过程中车轮轮缘与轨道侧面接触磨损，影响起重机正常安全运行的现象。随着起重机在各行业广泛使用，研究啃轨现象发生的原因并加以预防消除具有十分重要的意义。本文主要研究内容是： 1.采用Pro/E与ADAMS软件完成对自动化轨道吊RMG的实体造型与动力学模型。通过有限元软件Altair Hypermesh与ABAQUS完成有限元建模，计算输出ADAMS/Flex柔性分析所需要的模态中性文件MNF(Model Neutral File)，运用ADAMS软件对RMG进行刚柔耦合分析，获得机构系统的运动特性。 2.根据起重机动力学理论，建立自动化轨道吊小车运行机构的动力学模型，确定引起啃轨现象的外部边界条件，，并分析不同踏面形状车轮在载荷作用下的力学响应，找出它们在整机运行时自动走直作用的基理，对比分析自动走直效果以及各自的优缺点。 3.在ADAMS/Flex中结合FEA和MSS分析桥架系统的各阶主要模态特性以及模态叠加特性，探究起重机运行过程中的水平刚度和垂直刚度对啃轨现象的影响，并进行局部的结构设计优化。 4.在ADAMS/Insight中设计试验来评价啃轨影响因子变量在一定边界条件下对目标函数的影响性能，通过敏感度分析得到变量的影响权重，更好地分析试验设计的结果，有效区分关键变量和非关键变量。在大多数起重机设计时，一般先考虑垂直刚度，它决定起重机承载能力，然后校核水平刚度，然而对于啃轨现象，水平刚度的影响同样重要，特别是小车的啃轨。通过在ADAMS中结合FEA(有限元分析)和MSS(多刚体机械系统仿真)的系统大位移弹性体研究，发现了起重机桥架局部结构变动引起其模态差异进而影响啃轨现象发生的趋势。本文通过虚拟样机技术针对起重机啃轨现象影响因素进行研究，为解决起重机啃轨问题提供了技术和理论上的支持。
[Abstract]:Rail gnawing is one of the three major diseases in the use of crane. Rail gnawing refers to the contact wear between wheel flange and track side during the operation of the crane trolley or trolley which affects the normal and safe operation of the crane. With the wide use of cranes in various industries, it is of great significance to study the causes of rail gnawing and to prevent and eliminate it. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. The entity modeling and dynamic model of automatic rail crane RMG are completed by using Pro/E and ADAMS software. Through the finite element software Altair Hypermesh and ABAQUS to complete the finite element modeling, calculate the modal neutral file MNF(Model Neutral file needed for the output ADAMS/Flex flexible analysis, use the ADAMS software to carry on the rigid-flexible coupling analysis to the RMG, obtain the mechanism system motion characteristic. 2. According to the theory of crane dynamics, the dynamic model of the running mechanism of the automatic rail crane is established, the external boundary conditions of the gnawing phenomenon are determined, and the mechanical response of the wheels with different tread shapes under the load is analyzed. To find out the basic principle of automatic straightening in the whole machine, and to compare and analyze the effect of automatic straightening and their advantages and disadvantages. 3. Combined with FEA and MSS in ADAMS/Flex, the main modal characteristics and modal superposition characteristics of the bridge system are analyzed, and the effects of horizontal and vertical stiffness on the gnawing are explored, and the local structural design optimization is carried out. 4. An experiment was designed in ADAMS/Insight to evaluate the effect of the influence factor variables on the objective function under certain boundary conditions. The influence weight of the variables was obtained by sensitivity analysis, and the results of the experiment design were analyzed better. Effectively distinguish between key variables and non-critical variables. In the design of most cranes, the vertical stiffness is generally considered first, which determines the carrying capacity of the crane and then checks the horizontal stiffness. However, the influence of the horizontal stiffness on the gnawing is equally important, especially the gnawing of the trolley. Through the research of large displacement elastomer in ADAMS (finite element Analysis) and MSS (Multi-rigid body Mechanical system Simulation), it is found that the modal difference caused by the local structure change of crane bridge frame will affect the trend of rail gnawing. In this paper, the influence factors of crane rail gnawing are studied by virtual prototyping technology, which provides technical and theoretical support for solving the problem of crane rail gnawing.
【学位授予单位】：江苏科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH21

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