极压抗磨剂微量润滑的摩擦学行为研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 14:50

  本文选题：油雾润滑 + 油气润滑　； 参考：《南京航空航天大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：直升机减速器润滑系统出现故障,齿轮轴承将处于无润滑油工作状态,使减速器在短时间内破坏,造成灾难性的后果。为此,许多国家均对直升机有30?60 min不等的干运转能力要求。油雾润滑和油气润滑耗油量少,能减轻直升机的质量。由于压缩空气能很好地散热,故润滑效果好。目前,极压抗磨剂的研究仅局限于浸油等充分润滑情况,油雾润滑和油气润滑的抗磨剂研究一直未得到关注。本文采用油雾润滑和油气润滑方式,对齿轮油的多种极压抗磨添加剂硫磷酸复酯胺盐(T307)、硫化异丁烯(T321)、二烷基二硫代磷酸锌(ZDDP,T202)和磷酸复酯铵盐(T391)进行摩擦学试验,以寻找抗磨性能最好的添加剂和最好的微量润滑方式。为降低试验成本,以销盘摩擦磨损试验代替齿轮传动。上、下试样均是12Cr2Ni4A航空钢。上试样是Ф10mm×4mm的小圆柱、下试样是Ф98mm×4mm的圆盘。上、下试样的表面热处理为:渗碳深度为0.8-1.0mm、表面硬度不低于HRC60。用UMT-Ⅱ试验机做销盘摩擦试验,载荷是100N。上、下试样线接触,上、下试样的相对滑动速度是2.62m/s。油雾润滑装置所用气压是0.1MPa、油气润滑装置所用气压是0.4MPa。摩擦试验过程中,摩擦系数急剧升高,就在试样摩擦区域的入口中心处喷一次油雾或油气,每次试验的时间是45分钟。研究结果显示:(1)极压抗磨剂对不同航空油有不同的适应性。如:2%的T307、T321、T202、T391添加剂分别加入到926和DOD-L-85734航空油中做12Cr2Ni4A钢摩擦副45min油雾润滑试验,结果显示抗磨效果最好的是2%T202加入到926航空油和2%T391加入到DOD-L-85734航空油。(2)含极压抗磨剂的油气润滑的抗磨效果明显优于相应油雾润滑的抗磨效果:用油量少、磨损量少且温升低。(3)每种极压抗磨剂均有最佳的抗磨含量。对DOD-L-85734航空油来说,T202和T391的最佳抗磨含量均为2%,而T307和T321的最佳抗磨含量均为1%。四种最佳的抗磨含量均比基础油表现出极好的抗磨效果,抗磨效果最好的是2%T391。含极压抗磨剂的油气润滑对提高直升机传动系统干运转能力是一条可行途径。如进一步研究,需对直升机减速器啮合齿轮进行含极压抗磨剂的油气润滑试验。
[Abstract]:If the lubrication system of the helicopter reducer fails, the gear bearing will be in the condition of no lubricating oil, and the reducer will be destroyed in a short period of time, resulting in disastrous consequences. For this reason, many countries have 30 or 60 min dry capacity requirements for helicopters. Oil mist lubrication and oil-gas lubrication less fuel consumption, can reduce the quality of helicopters. Because compressed air can dissipate heat very well, so the lubricating effect is good. At present, the research of extreme pressure antiwear agent is limited to the condition of sufficient lubrication, such as soaking oil, etc. The research on antiwear agent of oil mist lubrication and oil gas lubrication has not been paid attention to all the time. In this paper, the tribological tests of various extreme pressure antiwear additives, thiophosphate compound amine salt (T307), isobutene sulphide (T321N), zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDPX) T202) and ammonium phosphate compound (T391), were carried out in gear oil by oil mist lubrication and oil / gas lubrication. In order to find the best antiwear additive and the best trace lubrication. In order to reduce the test cost, the friction and wear test of pin disk is used to replace the gear drive. The upper and lower specimens are all 12Cr2Ni4A aeronautical steels. The upper specimen is a small cylinder of 10mm 脳 4mm, and the lower sample is a disk of 98mm 脳 4mm. The surface heat treatment of the upper and lower samples is as follows: the Carburizing depth is 0.8-1.0mm, and the surface hardness is not lower than that of HRC60. Using UMT- 鈪，

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