基于振动能量的故障诊断方法研究

发布时间：2018-05-31 05:20

本文选题：故障诊断 + 振动能量　；参考：《郑州大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着科学技术的进步,现代机械设备正朝着大型化、精密化、自动化、连续化、高速化和重载化的方向发展,一旦机械设备发生故障,将会造成巨大的经济损失,甚至可能导致机毁人亡的灾难性后果。状态监测和故障诊断技术可以避免过度维修,降低维修费用,增加设备运行时间,降低事故发生率,能够给企业带来较大的经济效益和社会效益,因此越来越受重视。通常在某个截面内安装两个相互垂直的传感器采集振动信息,但传统的状态监测和故障诊断技术只使用单个通道的振动信息,任一通道的信息都不完整,不能全面反映转子的运行状态,因此很容易漏判和误判。基于同源信息融合的全矢谱技术将两个通道的信息进行融合,数值算法简单稳健,而且能够和传统信号分析方法相结合,大量工程应用表明全矢谱方法能够全面准确地反映转子的运行状态,具有巨大的优越性。本文以单自由度振动系统在简谐激励作用下的振动能量为基础,提出了基于振动能量的思想和方法,并将其用于故障诊断之中,最后结合全矢谱技术,对振动能量方法进一步拓展。本文的主要工作如下： 1.分析单自由度振动系统在简谐激励作用下的振动能量,从中得到单个频率下的振动能量和振动功率,结果表明振动能量能够全面反映幅值和频率对系统的影响。然后与传统信号分析方法相结合得到能够全面反映信号的幅值和频率对系统影响的振动能量谱和振动功率谱。 2.对单自由度系统振动能量与振动疲劳寿命先进行理论研究,然后使用ANSYS/FE-SAFE软件对简支梁的横向弯曲振动疲劳寿命进行仿真研究,结果表明：在一定范围内,振动能量越大,振动疲劳寿命越短,反之亦然,因此振动能量能够反映设备的振动疲劳特性,可以用于设备的状态评价及故障诊断。 3.将基于振动能量的思想和方法与传统的分析方法相结合,应用于设备的状态评价与故障诊断中,结果表明基于振动能量的方法是有效的。 4.将基于振动能量的思想和方法与全失谱方法相结合,得到双通道振动信号的全失振动能量谱,并对转子故障进行诊断,取得了较好的诊断效果。
[Abstract]:With the progress of science and technology, modern mechanical equipment is developing towards the direction of large scale, precision, automation, continuity, high speed and heavy load. Once machinery and equipment fail, it will cause huge economic losses. It could even lead to catastrophic consequences of aircraft destruction and death. State monitoring and fault diagnosis technology can avoid excessive maintenance, reduce maintenance costs, increase equipment operation time, reduce the incidence of accidents, can bring greater economic and social benefits to enterprises, so more and more attention has been paid to it. Two perpendicular sensors are usually installed in a certain section to collect vibration information, but the traditional state monitoring and fault diagnosis techniques only use the vibration information of a single channel, and the information of any channel is incomplete. Can not fully reflect the rotor's running state, so it is easy to miss and misjudge. The full-vector spectrum technique based on homologous information fusion can fuse the information of two channels. The numerical algorithm is simple and robust, and it can be combined with traditional signal analysis methods. A large number of engineering applications show that the full vector spectrum method can fully and accurately reflect the running state of the rotor and has great advantages. Based on the vibration energy of a single degree of freedom vibration system under harmonic excitation, the idea and method based on vibration energy are put forward in this paper, and it is used in fault diagnosis. The vibration energy method is further expanded. The main work of this paper is as follows: 1. The vibration energy of a single degree of freedom vibration system under simple harmonic excitation is analyzed and the vibration energy and power under a single frequency are obtained. The results show that the vibration energy can fully reflect the influence of amplitude and frequency on the system. Then combined with the traditional signal analysis method, the vibration energy spectrum and the vibration power spectrum which can fully reflect the effect of the amplitude and frequency of the signal on the system are obtained. 2. The vibration energy and vibration fatigue life of a single degree of freedom system are studied theoretically, and then the transverse bending vibration fatigue life of a simply supported beam is simulated by using ANSYS/FE-SAFE software. The results show that the larger the vibration energy is in a certain range, the greater the vibration fatigue life is. The shorter the vibration fatigue life, and the vice versa, the vibration energy can reflect the vibration fatigue characteristics of the equipment and can be used to evaluate the state of the equipment and diagnose the fault. 3. The idea and method based on vibration energy are combined with the traditional analysis method. The results show that the method based on vibration energy is effective in condition evaluation and fault diagnosis of equipment. 4. By combining the idea and method based on vibration energy with the method of total loss of spectrum, the energy spectrum of total loss of vibration of two channel vibration signals is obtained, and the fault diagnosis of rotor is carried out, and a better diagnosis effect is obtained.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH165.3

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