双壳贝类分选装置的研制

发布时间：2018-06-02 23:26

本文选题：文蛤 + 信号采集与处理　；参考：《集美大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：双壳贝类是人们日常生活中比较喜欢食用的水产品，但是由于水质污染原因及采收、运输等环节，经常产生泥贝、死贝和裂贝等异常贝。这些异常贝类若没有剔除，一旦被人食用，会严重影响到人们的身体健康。因此，，研制一台能自动识别并剔除泥贝、死贝和裂贝等异常贝类的装置具有非常重要的现实意义。由于双壳贝类受到外界振动刺激后，活贝的闭壳肌收缩，使贝闭合形成封闭腔体；而泥贝、死贝和裂贝等异常贝闭壳肌失效无法闭合。采集敲击活贝及死贝和裂贝的声音信号并进行分析，发现活贝与异常贝的声音信号有明显区别。本课题以文蛤为研究对象，通过敲击活文蛤与裂文蛤、死文蛤所获取的声音信号的差异，借助于计算机技术、机电一体化技术，研制一台能识别并剔除裂文蛤、死文蛤等异常文蛤设备。本课题主要研究文蛤敲击声音信号采集与处理、分选装置样机的机械结构设计、分选装置控制系统设计及样机测试四方面。敲击声音信号采集与处理部分主要涉及采集活文蛤及死文蛤和裂文蛤等敲击声音信号，根据获得的原始信号，在时域和频域分析、处理得到各种类型文蛤的信号特征。依据声音信号差异，根据黑箱原理初步确定分选流程及分选装置的组成。然后，分别对各个组成部分振动给料系统、梯形齿同步带传动系统、电磁敲击系统、麦克风信号采集系统、电磁剔除系统及贝体收集系统进行详细设计。分选装置控制系统设计主要包括基于MATLAB环境的串口通信和外围电路，采用AT89C2051单片机实现整体控制。通过建立单片机与计算机的串口通信，实现对信号的实时采集和实时处理。并对分选装置的电源电路、电压驱动电路及LED电路等进行设计。借助串口调试软件对通讯过程进行数据检测，判断通讯是否正常。最后，对分选装置的性能进行测试。测试结果表明：双壳贝类分选装置能较精确实现贝类分选。所研制的文蛤分选装置具有挑选效率高、挑选准确、工人劳动强度低等优点，该设备也可应用于对其它双壳贝类的分选，具有较广阔的应用前景。
[Abstract]:Bivalve shellfish is a kind of aquatic product that people prefer to eat in their daily life. However, due to the pollution of water quality, harvesting, transportation and other links, mud shellfish, dead shellfish and cracked shellfish are often produced. If these abnormal shellfish are not removed, once eaten, will seriously affect people's health. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop a device that can automatically identify and eliminate mud shellfish, dead shellfish and cracked shellfish. Because of the contraction of the closed shell muscle of the living shellfish after being stimulated by the external vibration, the closed cavity is formed, but the failure of the abnormal shellfish, such as the mud shell, the dead shellfish and the cracked shellfish, cannot be closed. The sound signals of percussive, dead and split shellfish were collected and analyzed. It was found that the sound signals of live shellfish and abnormal shellfish were obviously different. Taking Meretrix Meretrix as the object of study, by knocking on the difference between the sound signals obtained by the live clam and the split clam, the dead Meretrix Meretrix, with the aid of computer technology and the technology of electromechanical integration, a machine was developed to recognize and eliminate the crack of the clam. Dead Meretrix and other unusual Meretrix equipment. This paper mainly studies the collection and processing of the sound signal, the mechanical structure design, the control system design and the prototype test of the sorting device. The acquisition and processing of percussion sound signal mainly involve collecting the percussion sound signals of live clam, dead Meretrix Meretrix and clam. According to the original signal obtained, the signal characteristics of various types of Meretrix Meretrix are obtained by analyzing in time and frequency domain. According to the difference of sound signal and the principle of black box, the sorting process and the composition of sorting device are preliminarily determined. Then, the vibration feeding system, trapezoid tooth synchronous belt transmission system, electromagnetic percussion system, microphone signal acquisition system, electromagnetic culling system and shellfish collection system are designed in detail. The design of control system of sorting device mainly includes serial port communication and peripheral circuit based on MATLAB environment. The whole control is realized by AT89C2051 single chip microcomputer. The serial communication between MCU and computer is established to realize real-time signal acquisition and real-time processing. The power circuit, voltage drive circuit and LED circuit of the sorting device are designed. The serial port debugging software is used to detect the communication process to determine whether the communication is normal or not. Finally, the performance of the sorting device is tested. The test results show that the double-shell shellfish sorting device can accurately realize the shellfish sorting. The device has the advantages of high efficiency, accurate selection and low labor intensity. It can also be applied to the sorting of other shellfish, and has a broad application prospect.
【学位授予单位】：集美大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH69;TN912.3

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