门式起重机轻量化研究及局部载荷作用下腹板屈曲分析

发布时间：2018-06-10 08:21

本文选题：门式起重机 + 优化设计　；参考：《西南交通大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,门式起重机由于其场地利用率高和通用性强的特点在现代化工业进程中扮演着越来越重要的角色。而门式起重机桥架结构重量约占整机自重的60%,因此,如何降低门式起重机桥架结构的自重成为越来越多人关注的焦点。本文以某L型单梁门式起重机为例,利用传统设计计算方法和有限元法对其结构系统进行优化设计。另一方面,门式起重机主梁腹板的局部稳定性是影响整机性能的重要指标,因此,本文利用有限元法对局部载荷作用下的主梁腹板进行了屈曲分析。本文首先从该门式起重机金属结构系统的基本参数出发,根据该门机的工作特点分析计算了不同工况下的受力情况,按门式起重机的传统设计方法计算了该门机各结构的性能指标,并采用Matlab编写该门机各性能指标的计算程序。根据该门机的结构形式,选取各构件的截面参数为设计变量,以该门机结构自重最轻为目标,以各结构的性能指标为约束条件,建立了该门机的优化模型。借助iSIGHT软件优化平台,集成Matlab编写地计算程序,采用多岛遗传算法对该门机进行优化设计,在满足各约束条件的同时取得了较好的优化结果。其次,利用APDL语言编写了该门机的有限元优化模型,为了提高优化效率,利用响应面法建立了该门机有限元优化模型的近似模型,并将其与(?)SIGHT进行集成优化。最后,将传统优化设计计算方法和有限元优化计算方法的优化结果进行对比,分析比较了不同方法的特点和优劣性,为门式起重机的优化设计提供了参考。考虑到门式起重机主梁腹板局部稳定性对整机性能的影响,采用有限元法对局部载荷作用下的主梁腹板进行了屈曲分析。首先对门式起重机主梁腹板进行特征值屈曲分析,着重考虑了腹板厚度和翼缘板厚度对主梁腹板临界载荷的影响。然后对主梁腹板进行了非线性屈曲分析,得出了不同初始缺陷的主梁腹板的载荷-位移曲线。最后将不同计算方法得出的局部载荷作用下主梁腹板局部稳定临界载荷进行对比。本文为门式起重机的传统优化设计计算和有限元优化设计计算提供了参考,并得出了不同优化方法的优劣,具有重要的理论价值和工程意义。对门式起重机主梁腹板进行屈曲分析,找出了局部载荷作用下影响主梁腹板局部稳定性的重要因素。
[Abstract]:In recent years, gantry cranes play a more and more important role in the process of modern industry because of their high site utilization ratio and strong versatility. The weight of gantry crane bridge structure is about 60% of the whole machine weight. Therefore, how to reduce the weight of gantry crane bridge structure has become the focus of more and more people. In this paper, an L type single girder gantry crane is taken as an example, its structural system is optimized by traditional design calculation method and finite element method. On the other hand, the local stability of portal crane's main girder web is an important index to affect the performance of the whole machine. In this paper, the finite element method is used to analyze the buckling of the main girder web under local load. Firstly, the basic parameters of the metal structure system of the gantry crane are discussed in this paper. According to the working characteristics of the portal crane, the stress situation under different working conditions is analyzed and calculated. The performance indexes of each structure of the portal crane are calculated according to the traditional design method of the gantry crane, and the calculation program of each performance index of the portal crane is compiled by Matlab. According to the structural form of the portal crane, the cross-section parameters of each member are selected as the design variables, the minimum weight of the portal crane is taken as the objective, and the performance index of each structure is taken as the constraint condition, and the optimization model of the portal crane is established. With the aid of iSIGHT software optimization platform, the optimization design of the portal crane is carried out by using multi-island genetic algorithm and integrated with the calculation program written by Matlab. The optimum results are obtained at the same time as each constraint condition is satisfied. Secondly, the finite element optimization model of the door crane is compiled by APDL language. In order to improve the optimization efficiency, the approximate model of the gate crane finite element optimization model is established by using the response surface method, and the model is integrated with SIGHT for optimization. Finally, the optimization results of traditional optimization design method and finite element optimization method are compared, and the characteristics and advantages of different methods are analyzed and compared. This paper provides a reference for the optimization design of gantry crane. Considering the influence of the local stability of the web plate of the main girder of the gantry crane on the performance of the whole machine, the buckling analysis of the web plate of the main girder under local load is carried out by using the finite element method. Firstly, the eigenvalue buckling analysis of portal crane main girder web is carried out, and the influence of web thickness and flange plate thickness on the critical load of main girder web is considered. Then the nonlinear buckling analysis of the main beam web is carried out and the load-displacement curve of the main beam web with different initial defects is obtained. Finally, the critical load of local stability of the main girder web under the action of local load obtained by different calculation methods is compared. This paper provides a reference for the traditional optimization design calculation and finite element optimization design calculation of gantry crane. The advantages and disadvantages of different optimization methods are obtained, which have important theoretical value and engineering significance. The buckling analysis of the web of the main girder of gantry crane is carried out, and the important factors influencing the local stability of the web of the main girder under local load are found out.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH213.5

【引证文献】